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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {OwnableUpgradeable} from "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is specified at deployment time in the constructor for `Ownable`. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
 * from parent (Ownable).
 */
abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Ownable2Step
    struct Ownable2StepStorage {
        address _pendingOwner;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Ownable2Step")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant Ownable2StepStorageLocation = 0x237e158222e3e6968b72b9db0d8043aacf074ad9f650f0d1606b4d82ee432c00;

    function _getOwnable2StepStorage() private pure returns (Ownable2StepStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := Ownable2StepStorageLocation
        }
    }

    event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
     */
    function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        return $._pendingOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        $._pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
        Ownable2StepStorage storage $ = _getOwnable2StepStorage();
        delete $._pendingOwner;
        super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
     */
    function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        if (pendingOwner() != sender) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(sender);
        }
        _transferOwnership(sender);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * The initial owner is set to the address provided by the deployer. This can
 * later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Ownable
    struct OwnableStorage {
        address _owner;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Ownable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant OwnableStorageLocation = 0x9016d09d72d40fdae2fd8ceac6b6234c7706214fd39c1cd1e609a0528c199300;

    function _getOwnableStorage() private pure returns (OwnableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := OwnableStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev The caller account is not authorized to perform an operation.
     */
    error OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The owner is not a valid owner account. (eg. `address(0)`)
     */
    error OwnableInvalidOwner(address owner);

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the address provided by the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init(address initialOwner) internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained(initialOwner);
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained(address initialOwner) internal onlyInitializing {
        if (initialOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(initialOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        OwnableStorage storage $ = _getOwnableStorage();
        return $._owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        if (owner() != _msgSender()) {
            revert OwnableUnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        if (newOwner == address(0)) {
            revert OwnableInvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        OwnableStorage storage $ = _getOwnableStorage();
        address oldOwner = $._owner;
        $._owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Storage of the initializable contract.
     *
     * It's implemented on a custom ERC-7201 namespace to reduce the risk of storage collisions
     * when using with upgradeable contracts.
     *
     * @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Initializable
     */
    struct InitializableStorage {
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
         */
        uint64 _initialized;
        /**
         * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
         */
        bool _initializing;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Initializable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE = 0xf0c57e16840df040f15088dc2f81fe391c3923bec73e23a9662efc9c229c6a00;

    /**
     * @dev The contract is already initialized.
     */
    error InvalidInitialization();

    /**
     * @dev The contract is not initializing.
     */
    error NotInitializing();

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint64 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that in the context of a constructor an `initializer` may be invoked any
     * number of times. This behavior in the constructor can be useful during testing and is not expected to be used in
     * production.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        // Cache values to avoid duplicated sloads
        bool isTopLevelCall = !$._initializing;
        uint64 initialized = $._initialized;

        // Allowed calls:
        // - initialSetup: the contract is not in the initializing state and no previous version was
        //                 initialized
        // - construction: the contract is initialized at version 1 (no reininitialization) and the
        //                 current contract is just being deployed
        bool initialSetup = initialized == 0 && isTopLevelCall;
        bool construction = initialized == 1 && address(this).code.length == 0;

        if (!initialSetup && !construction) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            $._initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: Setting the version to 2**64 - 1 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint64 version) {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing || $._initialized >= version) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        $._initialized = version;
        $._initializing = true;
        _;
        $._initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        _checkInitializing();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the contract is not in an initializing state. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _checkInitializing() internal view virtual {
        if (!_isInitializing()) {
            revert NotInitializing();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
        InitializableStorage storage $ = _getInitializableStorage();

        if ($._initializing) {
            revert InvalidInitialization();
        }
        if ($._initialized != type(uint64).max) {
            $._initialized = type(uint64).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint64).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint64) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _getInitializableStorage()._initializing;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a pointer to the storage namespace.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    function _getInitializableStorage() private pure returns (InitializableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := INITIALIZABLE_STORAGE
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 */
abstract contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ERC20
    struct ERC20Storage {
        mapping(address account => uint256) _balances;

        mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) _allowances;

        uint256 _totalSupply;

        string _name;
        string _symbol;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ERC20")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ERC20StorageLocation = 0x52c63247e1f47db19d5ce0460030c497f067ca4cebf71ba98eeadabe20bace00;

    function _getERC20Storage() private pure returns (ERC20Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ERC20StorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        $._name = name_;
        $._symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        return $._allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            $._totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = $._balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                $._totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                $._balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     * ```
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        ERC20Storage storage $ = _getERC20Storage();
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        $._allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {PausableUpgradeable} from "../../../utils/PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC20 token with pausable token transfers, minting and burning.
 *
 * Useful for scenarios such as preventing trades until the end of an evaluation
 * period, or having an emergency switch for freezing all token transfers in the
 * event of a large bug.
 *
 * IMPORTANT: This contract does not include public pause and unpause functions. In
 * addition to inheriting this contract, you must define both functions, invoking the
 * {Pausable-_pause} and {Pausable-_unpause} internal functions, with appropriate
 * access control, e.g. using {AccessControl} or {Ownable}. Not doing so will
 * make the contract pause mechanism of the contract unreachable, and thus unusable.
 */
abstract contract ERC20PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, PausableUpgradeable {
    function __ERC20Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ERC20Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {ERC20-_update}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual override whenNotPaused {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20Permit} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import {EIP712Upgradeable} from "../../../utils/cryptography/EIP712Upgradeable.sol";
import {NoncesUpgradeable} from "../../../utils/NoncesUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
abstract contract ERC20PermitUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, IERC20Permit, EIP712Upgradeable, NoncesUpgradeable {
    bytes32 private constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");

    /**
     * @dev Permit deadline has expired.
     */
    error ERC2612ExpiredSignature(uint256 deadline);

    /**
     * @dev Mismatched signature.
     */
    error ERC2612InvalidSigner(address signer, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
     *
     * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
     */
    function __ERC20Permit_init(string memory name) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, "1");
    }

    function __ERC20Permit_init_unchained(string memory) internal onlyInitializing {}

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual {
        if (block.timestamp > deadline) {
            revert ERC2612ExpiredSignature(deadline);
        }

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));

        bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);

        address signer = ECDSA.recover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer != owner) {
            revert ERC2612InvalidSigner(signer, owner);
        }

        _approve(owner, spender, value);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override(IERC20Permit, NoncesUpgradeable) returns (uint256) {
        return super.nonces(owner);
    }

    /**
     * @inheritdoc IERC20Permit
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return _domainSeparatorV4();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {MessageHashUtils} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol";
import {IERC5267} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC5267.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding scheme specified in the EIP requires a domain separator and a hash of the typed structured data, whose
 * encoding is very generic and therefore its implementation in Solidity is not feasible, thus this contract
 * does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding they need in order to
 * produce the hash of their typed data using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
 * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the {_domainSeparatorV4} function to always rebuild the
 * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
 */
abstract contract EIP712Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC5267 {
    bytes32 private constant TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.EIP712
    struct EIP712Storage {
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_NAME
        bytes32 _hashedName;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_VERSION
        bytes32 _hashedVersion;

        string _name;
        string _version;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.EIP712")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant EIP712StorageLocation = 0xa16a46d94261c7517cc8ff89f61c0ce93598e3c849801011dee649a6a557d100;

    function _getEIP712Storage() private pure returns (EIP712Storage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := EIP712StorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    function __EIP712_init(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, version);
    }

    function __EIP712_init_unchained(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        $._name = name;
        $._version = version;

        // Reset prior values in storage if upgrading
        $._hashedName = 0;
        $._hashedVersion = 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _buildDomainSeparator();
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(TYPE_HASH, _EIP712NameHash(), _EIP712VersionHash(), block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return MessageHashUtils.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC-5267}.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        public
        view
        virtual
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        )
    {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        // If the hashed name and version in storage are non-zero, the contract hasn't been properly initialized
        // and the EIP712 domain is not reliable, as it will be missing name and version.
        require($._hashedName == 0 && $._hashedVersion == 0, "EIP712: Uninitialized");

        return (
            hex"0f", // 01111
            _EIP712Name(),
            _EIP712Version(),
            block.chainid,
            address(this),
            bytes32(0),
            new uint256[](0)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Name() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        return $._name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Version() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        return $._version;
    }

    /**
     * @dev The hash of the name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Name` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712NameHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        string memory name = _EIP712Name();
        if (bytes(name).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(name));
        } else {
            // If the name is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the name hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the name is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedName = $._hashedName;
            if (hashedName != 0) {
                return hashedName;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev The hash of the version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Version` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712VersionHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        EIP712Storage storage $ = _getEIP712Storage();
        string memory version = _EIP712Version();
        if (bytes(version).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(version));
        } else {
            // If the version is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the version hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the version is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedVersion = $._hashedVersion;
            if (hashedVersion != 0) {
                return hashedVersion;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Nonces.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides tracking nonces for addresses. Nonces will only increment.
 */
abstract contract NoncesUpgradeable is Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev The nonce used for an `account` is not the expected current nonce.
     */
    error InvalidAccountNonce(address account, uint256 currentNonce);

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Nonces
    struct NoncesStorage {
        mapping(address account => uint256) _nonces;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Nonces")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant NoncesStorageLocation = 0x5ab42ced628888259c08ac98db1eb0cf702fc1501344311d8b100cd1bfe4bb00;

    function _getNoncesStorage() private pure returns (NoncesStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := NoncesStorageLocation
        }
    }

    function __Nonces_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Nonces_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Returns the next unused nonce for an address.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
        return $._nonces[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Consumes a nonce.
     *
     * Returns the current value and increments nonce.
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256) {
        NoncesStorage storage $ = _getNoncesStorage();
        // For each account, the nonce has an initial value of 0, can only be incremented by one, and cannot be
        // decremented or reset. This guarantees that the nonce never overflows.
        unchecked {
            // It is important to do x++ and not ++x here.
            return $._nonces[owner]++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {_useNonce} but checking that `nonce` is the next valid for `owner`.
     */
    function _useCheckedNonce(address owner, uint256 nonce) internal virtual {
        uint256 current = _useNonce(owner);
        if (nonce != current) {
            revert InvalidAccountNonce(owner, current);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ContextUpgradeable} from "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.Pausable
    struct PausableStorage {
        bool _paused;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.Pausable")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant PausableStorageLocation = 0xcd5ed15c6e187e77e9aee88184c21f4f2182ab5827cb3b7e07fbedcd63f03300;

    function _getPausableStorage() private pure returns (PausableStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := PausableStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is paused.
     */
    error EnforcedPause();

    /**
     * @dev The operation failed because the contract is not paused.
     */
    error ExpectedPause();

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        return $._paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        if (paused()) {
            revert EnforcedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        if (!paused()) {
            revert ExpectedPause();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        PausableStorage storage $ = _getPausableStorage();
        $._paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
import {Initializable} from "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
abstract contract ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable is Initializable {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant ENTERED = 2;

    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard
    struct ReentrancyGuardStorage {
        uint256 _status;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("openzeppelin.storage.ReentrancyGuard")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation = 0x9b779b17422d0df92223018b32b4d1fa46e071723d6817e2486d003becc55f00;

    function _getReentrancyGuardStorage() private pure returns (ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := ReentrancyGuardStorageLocation
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unauthorized reentrant call.
     */
    error ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained();
    }

    function __ReentrancyGuard_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and making it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _nonReentrantBefore();
        _;
        _nonReentrantAfter();
    }

    function _nonReentrantBefore() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _status will be NOT_ENTERED
        if ($._status == ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrancyGuardReentrantCall();
        }

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        $._status = ENTERED;
    }

    function _nonReentrantAfter() private {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        $._status = NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the reentrancy guard is currently set to "entered", which indicates there is a
     * `nonReentrant` function in the call stack.
     */
    function _reentrancyGuardEntered() internal view returns (bool) {
        ReentrancyGuardStorage storage $ = _getReentrancyGuardStorage();
        return $._status == ENTERED;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC1271.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC1271 standard signature validation method for
 * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
 */
interface IERC1271 {
    /**
     * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
     * @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
     * @param signature Signature byte array associated with _data
     */
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

interface IERC5267 {
    /**
     * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
     */
    event EIP712DomainChanged();

    /**
     * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
     * signature.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        external
        view
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        );
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS
    }

    /**
     * @dev The signature derives the `address(0)`.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignature();

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an invalid length.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev The signature has an S value that is in the upper half order.
     */
    error ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(bytes32 s);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with `signature` or an error. This will not
     * return address(0) without also returning an error description. Errors are documented using an enum (error type)
     * and a bytes32 providing additional information about the error.
     *
     * If no error is returned, then the address can be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength, bytes32(signature.length));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM precompile allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {MessageHashUtils-toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
            // We do not check for an overflow here since the shift operation results in 0 or 1.
            uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function tryRecover(
        bytes32 hash,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError, bytes32) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS, s);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature, bytes32(0));
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError, bytes32(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error, errorArg);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Optionally reverts with the corresponding custom error according to the `error` argument provided.
     */
    function _throwError(RecoverError error, bytes32 errorArg) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignature();
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureLength(uint256(errorArg));
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert ECDSAInvalidSignatureS(errorArg);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Strings} from "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Signature message hash utilities for producing digests to be consumed by {ECDSA} recovery or signing.
 *
 * The library provides methods for generating a hash of a message that conforms to the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191[EIP 191] and https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712]
 * specifications.
 */
library MessageHashUtils {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing a bytes32 `messageHash` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32"` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * NOTE: The `messageHash` parameter is intended to be the result of hashing a raw message with
     * keccak256, although any bytes32 value can be safely used because the final digest will
     * be re-hashed.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32") // 32 is the bytes-length of messageHash
            mstore(0x1c, messageHash) // 0x1c (28) is the length of the prefix
            digest := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c) // 0x3c is the length of the prefix (0x1c) + messageHash (0x20)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x45` (`personal_sign` messages).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `message` with
     * `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + len(message)` and hashing the result. It corresponds with the
     * hash signed when using the https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`] JSON-RPC method.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory message) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return
            keccak256(bytes.concat("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", bytes(Strings.toString(message.length)), message));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-191 signed data with version
     * `0x00` (data with intended validator).
     *
     * The digest is calculated by prefixing an arbitrary `data` with `"\x19\x00"` and the intended
     * `validator` address. Then hashing the result.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex"19_00", validator, data));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the keccak256 digest of an EIP-712 typed data (EIP-191 version `0x01`).
     *
     * The digest is calculated from a `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`, by prefixing them with
     * `\x19\x01` and hashing the result. It corresponds to the hash signed by the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`] JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {ECDSA-recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 digest) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, hex"19_01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            digest := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();

    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }

        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// Compatible with OpenZeppelin Contracts ^5.0.0
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

/// Interface of the Bascule contract as used by on-chain contracts.
/// @custom:security-contact [email protected]
interface IBascule {
    /**
     * Event emitted when a withdrawal is validated.
     * @param withdrawalAmount Amount of the withdrawal.
     * @param depositID Unique identifier for a deposit that took place on another chain and was withdrawn on this chain.
     */
    event WithdrawalValidated(bytes32 depositID, uint256 withdrawalAmount);

    /**
     * Error on attempt to withdraw an already withdrawn deposit.
     * @param depositID Unique identifier for deposit that failed validation.
     * @param withdrawalAmount Amount of the withdrawal.
     */
    error AlreadyWithdrawn(bytes32 depositID, uint256 withdrawalAmount);

    /**
     * Error when a withdrawal fails validation.
     * This means the corresponding deposit is not in the map.
     * @param depositID Unique identifier for deposit that failed validation.
     * @param withdrawalAmount Amount of the withdrawal.
     */
    error WithdrawalFailedValidation(
        bytes32 depositID,
        uint256 withdrawalAmount
    );

    /**
     * Validate a withdrawal (before executing it) if the amount is above
     * threshold.
     *
     * This function checks if our accounting has recorded a deposit that
     * corresponds to this withdrawal request. A deposit can only be withdrawn
     * once.
     *
     * @param depositID Unique identifier of the deposit on another chain.
     * @param withdrawalAmount Amount of the withdrawal.
     *
     * Emits {WithdrawalValidated}.
     */
    function validateWithdrawal(
        bytes32 depositID,
        uint256 withdrawalAmount
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import {MessageHashUtils} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MessageHashUtils.sol";
import {Actions} from "../libs/Actions.sol";
import {INotaryConsortium} from "./INotaryConsortium.sol";
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

/// @title The contract utilizes consortium governance functions using multisignature verification
/// @author Lombard.Finance
/// @notice The contracts are a part of the Lombard.Finance protocol
contract Consortium is Ownable2StepUpgradeable, INotaryConsortium {
    struct ValidatorSet {
        /// @notice addresses of the signers
        address[] validators;
        /// @notice weight of each signer
        uint256[] weights;
        /// @notice current threshold for signatures weight to be accepted
        uint256 weightThreshold;
    }
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:lombardfinance.storage.Consortium
    struct ConsortiumStorage {
        /// @notice Current epoch
        uint256 epoch;
        /// @notice Store the Validator set for each epoch
        mapping(uint256 => ValidatorSet) validatorSet;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("lombardfinance.storage.Consortium")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant CONSORTIUM_STORAGE_LOCATION =
        0xbac09a3ab0e06910f94a49c10c16eb53146536ec1a9e948951735cde3a58b500;

    /// @dev https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/1.x/writing-upgradeable#initializing_the_implementation_contract
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @notice Initializes the consortium contract
    /// @param _owner - The address of the initial owner
    function initialize(address _owner) external initializer {
        __Ownable_init(_owner);
        __Ownable2Step_init();
        __Consortium_init();
    }

    /// ONLY OWNER FUNCTIONS ///

    /// @notice Sets the initial validator set from any epoch
    /// @param _initialValSet - The initial list of validators
    function setInitialValidatorSet(
        bytes calldata _initialValSet
    ) external onlyOwner {
        // Payload validation
        if (bytes4(_initialValSet) != Actions.NEW_VALSET)
            revert UnexpectedAction(bytes4(_initialValSet));

        ConsortiumStorage storage $ = _getConsortiumStorage();

        Actions.ValSetAction memory action = Actions.validateValSet(
            _initialValSet[4:]
        );

        if ($.epoch != 0) {
            revert ValSetAlreadySet();
        }

        _setValidatorSet(
            $,
            action.validators,
            action.weights,
            action.weightThreshold,
            action.epoch
        );
    }

    /// USER ACTIONS ///

    /// @notice Validates the provided signature against the given hash
    /// @param _payloadHash the hash of the data to be signed
    /// @param _proof nonce, expiry and signatures to validate
    function checkProof(
        bytes32 _payloadHash,
        bytes calldata _proof
    ) public view override {
        _checkProof(_payloadHash, _proof);
    }

    function setNextValidatorSet(
        bytes calldata payload,
        bytes calldata proof
    ) external {
        // payload validation
        if (bytes4(payload) != Actions.NEW_VALSET) {
            revert UnexpectedAction(bytes4(payload));
        }
        Actions.ValSetAction memory action = Actions.validateValSet(
            payload[4:]
        );

        ConsortiumStorage storage $ = _getConsortiumStorage();

        // check proof
        bytes32 payloadHash = sha256(payload);
        checkProof(payloadHash, proof);

        if (action.epoch != $.epoch + 1) revert InvalidEpoch();

        _setValidatorSet(
            $,
            action.validators,
            action.weights,
            action.weightThreshold,
            action.epoch
        );
    }

    /// GETTERS ///

    /// @notice Returns the validator for a given epoch
    /// @param epoch the epoch to get the threshold for
    function getValidatorSet(
        uint256 epoch
    ) external view returns (ValidatorSet memory) {
        return _getConsortiumStorage().validatorSet[epoch];
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current epoch
    function curEpoch() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getConsortiumStorage().epoch;
    }

    /// PRIVATE FUNCTIONS ///

    /// @notice Internal initializer for the consortium
    function __Consortium_init() internal onlyInitializing {}

    function _setValidatorSet(
        ConsortiumStorage storage $,
        address[] memory _validators,
        uint256[] memory _weights,
        uint256 _threshold,
        uint256 _epoch
    ) internal {
        // do not allow to rewrite existing valset
        if ($.validatorSet[_epoch].weightThreshold != 0) {
            revert InvalidEpoch();
        }

        $.epoch = _epoch;
        $.validatorSet[_epoch] = ValidatorSet({
            validators: _validators,
            weights: _weights,
            weightThreshold: _threshold
        });
        emit ValidatorSetUpdated(_epoch, _validators, _weights, _threshold);
    }

    /// @dev Checks that `_proof` is correct
    /// @param _payloadHash data to be signed
    /// @param _proof encoding of signatures array
    /// @dev Negative weight means that the validator did not sign, any positive weight means that the validator signed
    function _checkProof(
        bytes32 _payloadHash,
        bytes calldata _proof
    ) internal view virtual {
        ConsortiumStorage storage $ = _getConsortiumStorage();
        if ($.epoch == 0) {
            revert NoValidatorSet();
        }
        // decode proof
        bytes[] memory signatures = abi.decode(_proof, (bytes[]));

        address[] storage validators = $.validatorSet[$.epoch].validators;
        uint256 length = validators.length;
        if (signatures.length != length) {
            revert LengthMismatch();
        }

        uint256 weight = 0;
        uint256[] storage weights = $.validatorSet[$.epoch].weights;
        for (uint256 i; i < length; ++i) {
            // each signature preset R || S values
            // V is missed, because validators use Cosmos SDK keyring which is not signing in eth style
            // We only check signatures which are the expected 64 bytes long - we are expecting
            // a signatures array with the same amount of items as there are validators, but not all
            // validators will need to sign for a proof to be valid, so validators who have not signed
            // will have their corresponding signature set to 0 bytes.
            // In case of a malformed signature (i.e. length isn't 0 bytes but also isn't 64 bytes)
            // this signature will be discarded.
            if (signatures[i].length == 64) {
                // split signature by R and S values
                bytes memory sig = signatures[i];
                bytes32 r;
                bytes32 s;

                // load the first 32 bytes (r) and the second 32 bytes (s) from the sig
                assembly {
                    r := mload(add(sig, 0x20)) // first 32 bytes (offset 0x20)
                    s := mload(add(sig, 0x40)) // next 32 bytes (offset 0x40)
                }

                if (r != bytes32(0) && s != bytes32(0)) {
                    // try recover with V = 27
                    (address signer, ECDSA.RecoverError err, ) = ECDSA
                        .tryRecover(_payloadHash, 27, r, s);

                    // ignore if bad signature
                    if (err != ECDSA.RecoverError.NoError) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    // if signer doesn't match try V = 28
                    if (signer != validators[i]) {
                        (signer, err, ) = ECDSA.tryRecover(
                            _payloadHash,
                            28,
                            r,
                            s
                        );
                        if (err != ECDSA.RecoverError.NoError) {
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (signer != validators[i]) {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    // signature accepted

                    unchecked {
                        weight += weights[i];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (weight < $.validatorSet[$.epoch].weightThreshold) {
            revert NotEnoughSignatures();
        }
    }

    /// @notice Retrieve the ConsortiumStorage struct from the specific storage slot
    function _getConsortiumStorage()
        private
        pure
        returns (ConsortiumStorage storage $)
    {
        assembly {
            $.slot := CONSORTIUM_STORAGE_LOCATION
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

interface INotaryConsortium {
    /// @dev Error thrown when signature payload is already used
    error PayloadAlreadyUsed();

    /// @dev Error thrown when signatures length is not equal to signers length
    error LengthMismatch();

    /// @dev Error thrown when there are not enough signatures
    error NotEnoughSignatures();

    /// @dev Error thrown when unexpected action is used
    error UnexpectedAction(bytes4 action);

    /// @dev Event emitted when the validator set is updated
    event ValidatorSetUpdated(
        uint256 indexed epoch,
        address[] validators,
        uint256[] weights,
        uint256 threshold
    );

    /// @dev Error thrown when validator set already set
    error ValSetAlreadySet();

    /// @dev Error thrown when no validator set is set
    error NoValidatorSet();

    /// @dev Error thrown when invalid epoch is provided
    error InvalidEpoch();

    function checkProof(
        bytes32 _payloadHash,
        bytes calldata _proof
    ) external view;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

interface ILBTC {
    error ZeroAddress();
    error ZeroContractHash();
    error ZeroChainId();
    error WithdrawalsDisabled();
    error KnownDestination();
    error UnknownDestination();
    error ScriptPubkeyUnsupported();
    error AmountLessThanCommission(uint256 fee);
    error AmountBelowDustLimit(uint256 dustLimit);
    error InvalidDustFeeRate();
    error UnauthorizedAccount(address account);
    error UnexpectedAction(bytes4 action);
    error InvalidUserSignature();
    error PayloadAlreadyUsed();
    error InvalidInputLength();
    error InvalidMintAmount();

    event PauserRoleTransferred(
        address indexed previousPauser,
        address indexed newPauser
    );
    event OperatorRoleTransferred(
        address indexed previousOperator,
        address indexed newOperator
    );
    event UnstakeRequest(
        address indexed fromAddress,
        bytes scriptPubKey,
        uint256 amount
    );
    event WithdrawalsEnabled(bool);
    event NameAndSymbolChanged(string name, string symbol);
    event ConsortiumChanged(address indexed prevVal, address indexed newVal);
    event TreasuryAddressChanged(
        address indexed prevValue,
        address indexed newValue
    );
    event BurnCommissionChanged(
        uint64 indexed prevValue,
        uint64 indexed newValue
    );
    event DustFeeRateChanged(uint256 indexed oldRate, uint256 indexed newRate);
    event BasculeChanged(address indexed prevVal, address indexed newVal);
    event MinterUpdated(address indexed minter, bool isMinter);
    event BridgeChanged(address indexed prevVal, address indexed newVal);
    event ClaimerUpdated(address indexed claimer, bool isClaimer);
    event FeeCharged(uint256 indexed fee, bytes userSignature);
    event FeeChanged(uint256 indexed oldFee, uint256 indexed newFee);
    error FeeGreaterThanAmount();

    event MintProofConsumed(
        address indexed recipient,
        bytes32 indexed payloadHash,
        bytes payload
    );

    event BatchMintSkipped(bytes32 indexed payloadHash, bytes payload);

    function burn(uint256 amount) external;
    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) external;
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {ERC20Upgradeable, IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {ERC20PausableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20PausableUpgradeable.sol";
import {ERC20PermitUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import {ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable.sol";
import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";
import {BitcoinUtils, OutputType} from "../libs/BitcoinUtils.sol";
import {IBascule} from "../bascule/interfaces/IBascule.sol";
import {ILBTC} from "./ILBTC.sol";
import {FeeUtils} from "../libs/FeeUtils.sol";
import {Consortium} from "../consortium/Consortium.sol";
import {Actions} from "../libs/Actions.sol";
import {EIP1271SignatureUtils} from "../libs/EIP1271SignatureUtils.sol";
/**
 * @title ERC20 representation of Lombard Staked Bitcoin
 * @author Lombard.Finance
 * @notice The contracts is a part of Lombard.Finace protocol
 */
contract LBTC is
    ILBTC,
    ERC20PausableUpgradeable,
    Ownable2StepUpgradeable,
    ReentrancyGuardUpgradeable,
    ERC20PermitUpgradeable
{
    /// @custom:storage-location erc7201:lombardfinance.storage.LBTC
    struct LBTCStorage {
        /// @dev is keccak256(payload[4:]) used
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from usedProofs
        mapping(bytes32 => bool) legacyUsedPayloads;
        string name;
        string symbol;
        bool isWithdrawalsEnabled;
        address consortium;
        bool isWBTCEnabled;
        IERC20 wbtc;
        address treasury;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from destinations
        mapping(uint256 => address) __removed_destinations;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from depositCommission
        mapping(uint256 => uint16) __removed_depositCommission;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from usedBridgeProofs
        mapping(bytes32 => bool) __removed_usedBridgeProofs;
        /// @custom:oz-renamed-from globalNonce
        uint256 __removed_globalNonce;
        mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) __removed__destinations;
        mapping(bytes32 => uint16) __removed__depositRelativeCommission;
        mapping(bytes32 => uint64) __removed__depositAbsoluteCommission;
        uint64 burnCommission; // absolute commission to charge on burn (unstake)
        uint256 dustFeeRate;
        /// Bascule drawbridge used to confirm deposits before allowing withdrawals
        IBascule bascule;
        address pauser;
        mapping(address => bool) minters;
        mapping(address => bool) claimers;
        /// Maximum fee to apply on mints
        uint256 maximumFee;
        // @dev is sha256(payload) used
        mapping(bytes32 => bool) usedPayloads;
        address operator;
    }

    // keccak256(abi.encode(uint256(keccak256("lombardfinance.storage.LBTC")) - 1)) & ~bytes32(uint256(0xff))
    bytes32 private constant LBTC_STORAGE_LOCATION =
        0xa9a2395ec4edf6682d754acb293b04902817fdb5829dd13adb0367ab3a26c700;

    /// @dev https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/1.x/writing-upgradeable#initializing_the_implementation_contract
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// INTIALIZERS ///

    function initialize(
        address consortium_,
        uint64 burnCommission_,
        address treasury,
        address owner_
    ) external initializer {
        __ERC20_init("", "");
        __ERC20Pausable_init();

        __Ownable_init(owner_);
        __Ownable2Step_init();

        __ReentrancyGuard_init();

        __LBTC_init(
            "Lombard Staked Bitcoin",
            "LBTC",
            consortium_,
            treasury,
            burnCommission_
        );

        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        $.dustFeeRate = BitcoinUtils.DEFAULT_DUST_FEE_RATE;
        emit DustFeeRateChanged(0, $.dustFeeRate);
    }

    function reinitialize() external reinitializer(2) {
        __ERC20Permit_init("Lombard Staked Bitcoin");
    }

    /// MODIFIER ///
    /**
     * PAUSE
     */
    modifier onlyPauser() {
        _checkPauser();
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyMinter() {
        if (!_getLBTCStorage().minters[_msgSender()]) {
            revert UnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyClaimer() {
        if (!_getLBTCStorage().claimers[_msgSender()]) {
            revert UnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyOperator() {
        if (_getLBTCStorage().operator != _msgSender()) {
            revert UnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
        _;
    }

    /// ONLY OWNER FUNCTIONS ///

    function toggleWithdrawals() external onlyOwner {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        $.isWithdrawalsEnabled = !$.isWithdrawalsEnabled;
        emit WithdrawalsEnabled($.isWithdrawalsEnabled);
    }

    function changeNameAndSymbol(
        string calldata name_,
        string calldata symbol_
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _changeNameAndSymbol(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function changeConsortium(address newVal) external onlyOwner {
        _changeConsortium(newVal);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Set the contract current fee for mint
     * @param fee New fee value
     * @dev zero allowed to disable fee
     */
    function setMintFee(uint256 fee) external onlyOperator {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        uint256 oldFee = $.maximumFee;
        $.maximumFee = fee;
        emit FeeChanged(oldFee, fee);
    }

    function changeTreasuryAddress(address newValue) external onlyOwner {
        _changeTreasuryAddress(newValue);
    }

    function changeBurnCommission(uint64 newValue) external onlyOwner {
        _changeBurnCommission(newValue);
    }

    function pause() external onlyPauser {
        _pause();
    }

    function unpause() external onlyPauser {
        _unpause();
    }

    function addMinter(address newMinter) external onlyOwner {
        _updateMinter(newMinter, true);
    }

    function removeMinter(address oldMinter) external onlyOwner {
        _updateMinter(oldMinter, false);
    }

    function addClaimer(address newClaimer) external onlyOwner {
        _updateClaimer(newClaimer, true);
    }

    function removeClaimer(address oldClaimer) external onlyOwner {
        _updateClaimer(oldClaimer, false);
    }

    /// @notice Change the dust fee rate used for dust limit calculations
    /// @dev Only the contract owner can call this function. The new rate must be positive.
    /// @param newRate The new dust fee rate (in satoshis per 1000 bytes)
    function changeDustFeeRate(uint256 newRate) external onlyOwner {
        if (newRate == 0) revert InvalidDustFeeRate();
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        uint256 oldRate = $.dustFeeRate;
        $.dustFeeRate = newRate;
        emit DustFeeRateChanged(oldRate, newRate);
    }

    /**
     * Change the address of the Bascule drawbridge contract.
     * Setting the address to 0 disables the Bascule check.
     * @param newVal The new address.
     *
     * Emits a {BasculeChanged} event.
     */
    function changeBascule(address newVal) external onlyOwner {
        _changeBascule(newVal);
    }

    function transferPauserRole(address newPauser) external onlyOwner {
        if (newPauser == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        _transferPauserRole(newPauser);
    }

    function transferOperatorRole(address newOperator) external onlyOwner {
        if (newOperator == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        _transferOperatorRole(newOperator);
    }

    /// GETTERS ///

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current maximum mint fee
     */
    function getMintFee() external view returns (uint256) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().maximumFee;
    }

    /// @notice Calculate the amount that will be unstaked and check if it's above the dust limit
    /// @dev This function can be used by front-ends to verify burn amounts before submitting a transaction
    /// @param scriptPubkey The Bitcoin script public key as a byte array
    /// @param amount The amount of LBTC to be burned
    /// @return amountAfterFee The amount that will be unstaked (after deducting the burn commission)
    /// @return isAboveDust Whether the amountAfterFee is equal to or above the dust limit
    function calcUnstakeRequestAmount(
        bytes calldata scriptPubkey,
        uint256 amount
    ) external view returns (uint256 amountAfterFee, bool isAboveDust) {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        (amountAfterFee, , , isAboveDust) = _calcFeeAndDustLimit(
            scriptPubkey,
            amount,
            $.burnCommission
        );
        return (amountAfterFee, isAboveDust);
    }

    function consortium() external view virtual returns (address) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().consortium;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     *
     * Because LBTC repsents BTC we use the same decimals.
     *
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 8;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().symbol;
    }

    function getTreasury() public view returns (address) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().treasury;
    }

    function getBurnCommission() public view returns (uint64) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().burnCommission;
    }

    /// @notice Get the current dust fee rate
    /// @return The current dust fee rate (in satoshis per 1000 bytes)
    function getDustFeeRate() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().dustFeeRate;
    }

    /**
     * Get Bascule contract.
     */
    function Bascule() external view returns (IBascule) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().bascule;
    }

    function pauser() public view returns (address) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().pauser;
    }

    function operator() external view returns (address) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().operator;
    }

    function isMinter(address minter) external view returns (bool) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().minters[minter];
    }

    function isClaimer(address claimer) external view returns (bool) {
        return _getLBTCStorage().claimers[claimer];
    }

    /// USER ACTIONS ///

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC to the specified address
     * @param to The address to mint to
     * @param amount The amount of LBTC to mint
     * @dev Only callable by whitelisted minters
     */
    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external override onlyMinter {
        _mint(to, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC in batches
     * @param to The addresses to mint to
     * @param amount The amounts of LBTC to mint
     * @dev Only callable by whitelisted minters
     */
    function batchMint(
        address[] calldata to,
        uint256[] calldata amount
    ) external onlyMinter {
        if (to.length != amount.length) {
            revert InvalidInputLength();
        }

        for (uint256 i; i < to.length; ++i) {
            _mint(to[i], amount[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC by proving a stake action happened
     * @param payload The message with the stake data
     * @param proof Signature of the consortium approving the mint
     */
    function mint(
        bytes calldata payload,
        bytes calldata proof
    ) public nonReentrant {
        // payload validation
        if (bytes4(payload) != Actions.DEPOSIT_BTC_ACTION) {
            revert UnexpectedAction(bytes4(payload));
        }
        Actions.DepositBtcAction memory action = Actions.depositBtc(
            payload[4:]
        );

        _validateAndMint(
            action.recipient,
            action.amount,
            action.amount,
            payload,
            proof
        );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC in batches by proving stake actions happened
     * @param payload The messages with the stake data
     * @param proof Signatures of the consortium approving the mints
     */
    function batchMint(
        bytes[] calldata payload,
        bytes[] calldata proof
    ) external {
        if (payload.length != proof.length) {
            revert InvalidInputLength();
        }

        for (uint256 i; i < payload.length; ++i) {
            // Pre-emptive check if payload was used. If so, we can skip the call.
            bytes32 payloadHash = sha256(payload[i]);
            bytes32 legacyPayloadHash = keccak256(payload[i][4:]);
            if (isPayloadUsed(payloadHash, legacyPayloadHash)) {
                emit BatchMintSkipped(payloadHash, payload[i]);
                continue;
            }

            mint(payload[i], proof[i]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC applying a commission to the amount
     * @dev Payload should be same as mint to avoid reusing them with and without fee
     * @param mintPayload The message with the stake data
     * @param proof Signature of the consortium approving the mint
     * @param feePayload Contents of the fee approval signed by the user
     * @param userSignature Signature of the user to allow Fee
     */
    function mintWithFee(
        bytes calldata mintPayload,
        bytes calldata proof,
        bytes calldata feePayload,
        bytes calldata userSignature
    ) external onlyClaimer {
        _mintWithFee(mintPayload, proof, feePayload, userSignature);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Mint LBTC in batches proving stake actions happened
     * @param mintPayload The messages with the stake data
     * @param proof Signatures of the consortium approving the mints
     * @param feePayload Contents of the fee approvals signed by the user
     * @param userSignature Signatures of the user to allow Fees
     */
    function batchMintWithFee(
        bytes[] calldata mintPayload,
        bytes[] calldata proof,
        bytes[] calldata feePayload,
        bytes[] calldata userSignature
    ) external onlyClaimer {
        uint256 length = mintPayload.length;
        if (
            length != proof.length ||
            length != feePayload.length ||
            length != userSignature.length
        ) {
            revert InvalidInputLength();
        }

        for (uint256 i; i < mintPayload.length; ++i) {
            // Pre-emptive check if payload was used. If so, we can skip the call.
            bytes32 payloadHash = sha256(mintPayload[i]);
            bytes32 legacyPayloadHash = keccak256(mintPayload[i][4:]);
            if (isPayloadUsed(payloadHash, legacyPayloadHash)) {
                emit BatchMintSkipped(payloadHash, mintPayload[i]);
                continue;
            }

            _mintWithFee(
                mintPayload[i],
                proof[i],
                feePayload[i],
                userSignature[i]
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns LBTC to initiate withdrawal of BTC to provided `scriptPubkey` with `amount`
     *
     * @param scriptPubkey scriptPubkey for output
     * @param amount Amount of LBTC to burn
     */
    function redeem(bytes calldata scriptPubkey, uint256 amount) external {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();

        if (!$.isWithdrawalsEnabled) {
            revert WithdrawalsDisabled();
        }

        uint64 fee = $.burnCommission;
        (
            uint256 amountAfterFee,
            bool isAboveFee,
            uint256 dustLimit,
            bool isAboveDust
        ) = _calcFeeAndDustLimit(scriptPubkey, amount, fee);
        if (!isAboveFee) {
            revert AmountLessThanCommission(fee);
        }
        if (!isAboveDust) {
            revert AmountBelowDustLimit(dustLimit);
        }

        address fromAddress = address(_msgSender());
        _transfer(fromAddress, getTreasury(), fee);
        _burn(fromAddress, amountAfterFee);

        emit UnstakeRequest(fromAddress, scriptPubkey, amountAfterFee);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Burns LBTC
     *
     * @param amount Amount of LBTC to burn
     */
    function burn(uint256 amount) external {
        _burn(_msgSender(), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Allows minters to burn LBTC
     *
     * @param amount Amount of LBTC to burn
     */
    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) external override onlyMinter {
        _burn(from, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a minting payload has been used already
     *
     * @param payloadHash The minting payload hash
     * @param legacyPayloadHash The legacy minting payload hash
     */
    function isPayloadUsed(
        bytes32 payloadHash,
        bytes32 legacyPayloadHash
    ) public view returns (bool) {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        return
            $.usedPayloads[payloadHash] ||
            $.legacyUsedPayloads[legacyPayloadHash];
    }

    /// PRIVATE FUNCTIONS ///

    function __LBTC_init(
        string memory name_,
        string memory symbol_,
        address consortium_,
        address treasury,
        uint64 burnCommission_
    ) internal onlyInitializing {
        _changeNameAndSymbol(name_, symbol_);
        _changeConsortium(consortium_);
        _changeTreasuryAddress(treasury);
        _changeBurnCommission(burnCommission_);
    }

    function _changeNameAndSymbol(
        string memory name_,
        string memory symbol_
    ) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        $.name = name_;
        $.symbol = symbol_;
        emit NameAndSymbolChanged(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function _changeConsortium(address newVal) internal {
        if (newVal == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        emit ConsortiumChanged($.consortium, newVal);
        $.consortium = newVal;
    }

    function _validateAndMint(
        address recipient,
        uint256 amountToMint,
        uint256 depositAmount,
        bytes calldata payload,
        bytes calldata proof
    ) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();

        if (amountToMint > depositAmount) revert InvalidMintAmount();

        /// make sure that hash of payload not used before
        /// need to check new sha256 hash and legacy keccak256 from payload without selector
        /// 2 checks made to prevent migration of contract state
        bytes32 payloadHash = sha256(payload);
        bytes32 legacyHash = keccak256(payload[4:]);
        if ($.usedPayloads[payloadHash] || $.legacyUsedPayloads[legacyHash]) {
            revert PayloadAlreadyUsed();
        }
        Consortium($.consortium).checkProof(payloadHash, proof);
        $.usedPayloads[payloadHash] = true;

        // Confirm deposit against Bascule
        _confirmDeposit($, legacyHash, depositAmount);

        // Actually mint
        _mint(recipient, amountToMint);

        emit MintProofConsumed(recipient, payloadHash, payload);
    }

    function _changeBurnCommission(uint64 newValue) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        uint64 prevValue = $.burnCommission;
        $.burnCommission = newValue;
        emit BurnCommissionChanged(prevValue, newValue);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks that the deposit was validated by the Bascule drawbridge.
     * @param self LBTC storage.
     * @param depositID The unique ID of the deposit.
     * @param amount The withdrawal amount.
     */
    function _confirmDeposit(
        LBTCStorage storage self,
        bytes32 depositID,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        IBascule bascule = self.bascule;
        if (address(bascule) != address(0)) {
            bascule.validateWithdrawal(depositID, amount);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Change the address of the Bascule drawbridge contract.
     * @param newVal The new address.
     *
     * Emits a {BasculeChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeBascule(address newVal) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        emit BasculeChanged(address($.bascule), newVal);
        $.bascule = IBascule(newVal);
    }

    function _transferPauserRole(address newPauser) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        address oldPauser = $.pauser;
        $.pauser = newPauser;
        emit PauserRoleTransferred(oldPauser, newPauser);
    }

    function _transferOperatorRole(address newOperator) internal {
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        address oldOperator = $.operator;
        $.operator = newOperator;
        emit OperatorRoleTransferred(oldOperator, newOperator);
    }

    function _mintWithFee(
        bytes calldata mintPayload,
        bytes calldata proof,
        bytes calldata feePayload,
        bytes calldata userSignature
    ) internal nonReentrant {
        // mint payload validation
        if (bytes4(mintPayload) != Actions.DEPOSIT_BTC_ACTION) {
            revert UnexpectedAction(bytes4(mintPayload));
        }
        Actions.DepositBtcAction memory mintAction = Actions.depositBtc(
            mintPayload[4:]
        );

        // fee payload validation
        if (bytes4(feePayload) != Actions.FEE_APPROVAL_ACTION) {
            revert UnexpectedAction(bytes4(feePayload));
        }
        Actions.FeeApprovalAction memory feeAction = Actions.feeApproval(
            feePayload[4:]
        );

        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        uint256 fee = $.maximumFee;
        if (fee > feeAction.fee) {
            fee = feeAction.fee;
        }

        if (fee >= mintAction.amount) {
            revert FeeGreaterThanAmount();
        }

        {
            // Fee validation
            bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(
                keccak256(
                    abi.encode(
                        Actions.FEE_APPROVAL_EIP712_ACTION,
                        block.chainid,
                        feeAction.fee,
                        feeAction.expiry
                    )
                )
            );

            if (
                !EIP1271SignatureUtils.checkSignature(
                    mintAction.recipient,
                    digest,
                    userSignature
                )
            ) {
                revert InvalidUserSignature();
            }
        }

        // modified payload to be signed
        _validateAndMint(
            mintAction.recipient,
            mintAction.amount - fee,
            mintAction.amount,
            mintPayload,
            proof
        );

        // mint fee to treasury
        _mint($.treasury, fee);

        emit FeeCharged(fee, userSignature);
    }

    function _checkPauser() internal view {
        if (pauser() != _msgSender()) {
            revert UnauthorizedAccount(_msgSender());
        }
    }

    function _updateMinter(address minter, bool _isMinter) internal {
        if (minter == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        _getLBTCStorage().minters[minter] = _isMinter;
        emit MinterUpdated(minter, _isMinter);
    }

    function _updateClaimer(address claimer, bool _isClaimer) internal {
        if (claimer == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        _getLBTCStorage().claimers[claimer] = _isClaimer;
        emit ClaimerUpdated(claimer, _isClaimer);
    }

    function _changeTreasuryAddress(address newValue) internal {
        if (newValue == address(0)) {
            revert ZeroAddress();
        }
        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        address prevValue = $.treasury;
        $.treasury = newValue;
        emit TreasuryAddressChanged(prevValue, newValue);
    }

    function _calcFeeAndDustLimit(
        bytes calldata scriptPubkey,
        uint256 amount,
        uint64 fee
    ) internal view returns (uint256, bool, uint256, bool) {
        OutputType outType = BitcoinUtils.getOutputType(scriptPubkey);
        if (outType == OutputType.UNSUPPORTED) {
            revert ScriptPubkeyUnsupported();
        }

        if (amount <= fee) {
            return (0, false, 0, false);
        }

        LBTCStorage storage $ = _getLBTCStorage();
        uint256 amountAfterFee = amount - fee;
        uint256 dustLimit = BitcoinUtils.getDustLimitForOutput(
            outType,
            scriptPubkey,
            $.dustFeeRate
        );

        bool isAboveDust = amountAfterFee > dustLimit;
        return (amountAfterFee, true, dustLimit, isAboveDust);
    }

    function _getLBTCStorage() private pure returns (LBTCStorage storage $) {
        assembly {
            $.slot := LBTC_STORAGE_LOCATION
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Override of the _update function to satisfy both ERC20Upgradeable and ERC20PausableUpgradeable
     */
    function _update(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal virtual override(ERC20Upgradeable, ERC20PausableUpgradeable) {
        super._update(from, to, value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

library Actions {
    struct DepositBtcAction {
        uint256 toChain;
        address recipient;
        uint256 amount;
        bytes32 txid;
        uint32 vout;
    }

    struct DepositBridgeAction {
        uint256 fromChain;
        bytes32 fromContract;
        uint256 toChain;
        address toContract;
        address recipient;
        uint64 amount;
        uint256 nonce;
    }

    struct ValSetAction {
        uint256 epoch;
        address[] validators;
        uint256[] weights;
        uint256 weightThreshold;
        uint256 height;
    }

    struct FeeApprovalAction {
        uint256 fee;
        uint256 expiry;
    }

    /// @dev Error thrown when invalid public key is provided
    error InvalidPublicKey(bytes pubKey);

    /// @dev Error thrown when signatures length is not equal to signers length
    error Actions_LengthMismatch();

    /// @dev Error thrown when threshold is invalid
    error InvalidThreshold();

    /// @dev Error thrown when validator set size is invalid
    error InvalidValidatorSetSize();

    /// @dev Error thrown when zero validator is provided
    error ZeroValidator();

    /// @dev Error thrown when wrong chain id is provided
    error WrongChainId();

    /// @dev Error thrown when wrong contract is provided
    error WrongContract();

    /// @dev Error thrown when zero address is provided
    error Actions_ZeroAddress();

    /// @dev Error thrown when zero amount is provided
    error ZeroAmount();

    /// @dev Error thrown when zero weight is provided
    error ZeroWeight();

    /// @dev Error thrown when fee approval is expired
    error UserSignatureExpired(uint256 expiry);

    /// @dev Error thrown when amount is below fee
    error NotEnoughAmountToUseApproval();

    /// @dev Error thrown when zero fee is used
    error ZeroFee();

    /// @dev Error thrown when payload length is too big
    error PayloadTooLarge();

    // bytes4(keccak256("feeApproval(uint256,uint256)"))
    bytes4 internal constant FEE_APPROVAL_ACTION = 0x8175ca94;
    // keccak256("feeApproval(uint256 chainId,uint256 fee,uint256 expiry)")
    bytes32 internal constant FEE_APPROVAL_EIP712_ACTION =
        0x40ac9f6aa27075e64c1ed1ea2e831b20b8c25efdeb6b79fd0cf683c9a9c50725;
    // bytes4(keccak256("payload(bytes32,bytes32,uint64,bytes32,uint32)"))
    bytes4 internal constant DEPOSIT_BTC_ACTION = 0xf2e73f7c;
    // bytes4(keccak256("payload(bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,bytes32,uint64,uint256)"))
    bytes4 internal constant DEPOSIT_BRIDGE_ACTION = 0x5c70a505;
    // bytes4(keccak256("payload(uint256,bytes[],uint256[],uint256,uint256)"))
    bytes4 internal constant NEW_VALSET = 0x4aab1d6f;

    /// @dev Maximum number of validators allowed in the consortium.
    /// @notice This value is determined by the minimum of CometBFT consensus limitations and gas considerations:
    /// - CometBFT has a hard limit of 10,000 validators (https://docs.cometbft.com/v0.38/spec/core/state)
    /// - Gas-based calculation:
    ///   - Assumes 4281 gas per ECDSA signature verification
    ///   - Uses a conservative 30 million gas block limit
    ///   - Maximum possible signatures: 30,000,000 / 4,281 ≈ 7007
    ///   - Reverse calculated for BFT consensus (2/3 + 1):
    ///     7,007 = (10,509 * 2/3 + 1) rounded down
    /// - The lower value of 10,000 (CometBFT limit) and 10,509 (gas calculation) is chosen
    /// @dev This limit ensures compatibility with CometBFT while also considering gas limitations
    ///      for signature verification within a single block.
    uint256 private constant MAX_VALIDATOR_SET_SIZE = 102;

    /// @dev Minimum number of validators allowed in the system.
    /// @notice While set to 1 to allow for non-distributed scenarios, this configuration
    /// does not provide Byzantine fault tolerance. For a truly distributed and
    /// fault-tolerant system, a minimum of 4 validators would be recommended to tolerate
    /// at least one Byzantine fault.
    uint256 private constant MIN_VALIDATOR_SET_SIZE = 1;

    /// @dev A constant representing the number of bytes for a slot of information in a payload.
    uint256 internal constant ABI_SLOT_SIZE = 32;

    /**
     * @notice Returns decoded deposit btc msg
     * @dev Message should not contain the selector
     * @param payload Body of the mint payload
     */
    function depositBtc(
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal view returns (DepositBtcAction memory) {
        if (payload.length != ABI_SLOT_SIZE * 5) revert PayloadTooLarge();

        (
            uint256 toChain,
            address recipient,
            uint256 amount,
            bytes32 txid,
            uint32 vout
        ) = abi.decode(payload, (uint256, address, uint256, bytes32, uint32));

        if (toChain != block.chainid) {
            revert WrongChainId();
        }
        if (recipient == address(0)) {
            revert Actions_ZeroAddress();
        }
        if (amount == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        return DepositBtcAction(toChain, recipient, amount, txid, vout);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns decoded bridge payload
     * @dev Payload should not contain the selector
     * @param payload Body of the burn payload
     */
    function depositBridge(
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal view returns (DepositBridgeAction memory) {
        if (payload.length != ABI_SLOT_SIZE * 7) revert PayloadTooLarge();

        (
            uint256 fromChain,
            bytes32 fromContract,
            uint256 toChain,
            address toContract,
            address recipient,
            uint64 amount,
            uint256 nonce
        ) = abi.decode(
                payload,
                (uint256, bytes32, uint256, address, address, uint64, uint256)
            );

        if (toChain != block.chainid) {
            revert WrongChainId();
        }
        if (recipient == address(0)) {
            revert Actions_ZeroAddress();
        }
        if (amount == 0) {
            revert ZeroAmount();
        }

        return
            DepositBridgeAction(
                fromChain,
                fromContract,
                toChain,
                toContract,
                recipient,
                amount,
                nonce
            );
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns decoded validator set
     * @dev Payload should not contain the selector
     * @param payload Body of the set validators set payload
     */
    function validateValSet(
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal pure returns (ValSetAction memory) {
        (
            uint256 epoch,
            bytes[] memory pubKeys,
            uint256[] memory weights,
            uint256 weightThreshold,
            uint256 height
        ) = abi.decode(
                payload,
                (uint256, bytes[], uint256[], uint256, uint256)
            );

        // Since dynamic arrays can variably insert more slots of data for things such as data length,
        // offset etc., we will just encode the received variables again and check for a length match.
        bytes memory reEncodedPayload = abi.encode(
            epoch,
            pubKeys,
            weights,
            weightThreshold,
            height
        );
        if (reEncodedPayload.length != payload.length) revert PayloadTooLarge();

        if (
            pubKeys.length < MIN_VALIDATOR_SET_SIZE ||
            pubKeys.length > MAX_VALIDATOR_SET_SIZE
        ) revert InvalidValidatorSetSize();

        if (pubKeys.length != weights.length) revert Actions_LengthMismatch();

        if (weightThreshold == 0) revert InvalidThreshold();

        uint256 sum = 0;
        for (uint256 i; i < weights.length; ) {
            if (weights[i] == 0) {
                revert ZeroWeight();
            }
            sum += weights[i];
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        if (sum < weightThreshold) revert InvalidThreshold();

        address[] memory validators = pubKeysToAddress(pubKeys);

        return
            ValSetAction(epoch, validators, weights, weightThreshold, height);
    }

    function pubKeysToAddress(
        bytes[] memory _pubKeys
    ) internal pure returns (address[] memory) {
        address[] memory addresses = new address[](_pubKeys.length);
        for (uint256 i; i < _pubKeys.length; ) {
            // each pubkey represented as uncompressed

            if (_pubKeys[i].length == 65) {
                bytes memory data = _pubKeys[i];

                // Ensure that first byte of pubkey is 0x04
                if (_pubKeys[i][0] != 0x04)
                    revert InvalidPublicKey(_pubKeys[i]);

                // create a new array with length - 1 (excluding the first 0x04 byte)
                bytes memory result = new bytes(data.length - 1);

                // use inline assembly for memory manipulation
                assembly {
                    // calculate the start of the `result` and `data` in memory
                    let resultData := add(result, 0x20) // points to the first byte of the result
                    let dataStart := add(data, 0x21) // points to the second byte of data (skip 0x04)

                    // copy 64 bytes from input (excluding the first byte) to result
                    mstore(resultData, mload(dataStart)) // copy the first 32 bytes
                    mstore(add(resultData, 0x20), mload(add(dataStart, 0x20))) // copy the next 32 bytes
                }

                addresses[i] = address(uint160(uint256(keccak256(result))));
            } else {
                revert InvalidPublicKey(_pubKeys[i]);
            }

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        return addresses;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Returns decoded fee approval
     * @dev Payload should not contain the selector
     * @param payload Body of the fee approval payload
     */
    function feeApproval(
        bytes memory payload
    ) internal view returns (FeeApprovalAction memory) {
        if (payload.length != ABI_SLOT_SIZE * 2) revert PayloadTooLarge();

        (uint256 fee, uint256 expiry) = abi.decode(payload, (uint256, uint256));

        if (block.timestamp > expiry) {
            revert UserSignatureExpired(expiry);
        }
        if (fee == 0) {
            revert ZeroFee();
        }

        return FeeApprovalAction(fee, expiry);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

enum OutputType {
    UNSUPPORTED,
    P2TR,
    P2WPKH,
    P2WSH
}

bytes1 constant OP_0 = 0x00;
bytes1 constant OP_1 = 0x51;
bytes1 constant OP_DATA_32 = 0x20;
bytes1 constant OP_DATA_20 = 0x14;

uint256 constant BASE_SPEND_COST = 49; // 32 (txid) + 4 (vout) + 1 (scriptSig size) + 4 (nSequence) + 8 (amount)

// Size of inputs spending different output types
uint256 constant NON_WITNESS_INPUT_SIZE = 107; // Used for non-witness outputs (P2PKH, P2SH)
uint256 constant WITNESS_INPUT_SIZE = 26; // floor(107 / 4), used for witness outputs (P2WPKH, P2WSH, P2TR)

library BitcoinUtils {
    uint256 public constant DEFAULT_DUST_FEE_RATE = 3000; // Default value - 3 satoshis per byte

    function getOutputType(
        bytes calldata scriptPubkey
    ) internal pure returns (OutputType) {
        if (
            scriptPubkey.length == 22 &&
            scriptPubkey[0] == OP_0 &&
            scriptPubkey[1] == OP_DATA_20
        ) {
            return OutputType.P2WPKH;
        }

        if (
            scriptPubkey.length == 34 &&
            scriptPubkey[0] == OP_1 &&
            scriptPubkey[1] == OP_DATA_32
        ) {
            return OutputType.P2TR;
        }

        if (
            scriptPubkey.length == 34 &&
            scriptPubkey[0] == OP_0 &&
            scriptPubkey[1] == OP_DATA_32
        ) {
            return OutputType.P2WSH;
        }

        return OutputType.UNSUPPORTED;
    }

    /// @notice Compute the dust limit for a given Bitcoin script public key
    /// @dev The dust limit is the minimum payment to an address that is considered
    ///      spendable under consensus rules. This function is based on Bitcoin Core's
    ///      implementation.
    /// @param scriptPubkey The Bitcoin script public key as a byte array
    /// @param dustFeeRate The current dust fee rate (in satoshis per 1000 bytes)
    /// @return dustLimit The calculated dust limit in satoshis
    /// @custom:reference https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/43740f4971f45cd5499470b6a085b3ecd8b96d28/src/policy/policy.cpp#L54
    function getDustLimitForOutput(
        OutputType outType,
        bytes calldata scriptPubkey,
        uint256 dustFeeRate
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 dustLimit) {
        uint256 spendCost = BASE_SPEND_COST;

        if (
            outType == OutputType.P2TR ||
            outType == OutputType.P2WPKH ||
            outType == OutputType.P2WSH
        ) {
            // witness v0 and v1 has a cheaper payment formula
            spendCost += WITNESS_INPUT_SIZE;
            // The current addition creates a discrepancy of 1, and our final value should be 98 bytes.
            // Thus, we add 1 here.
            spendCost += 1;
        } else {
            spendCost += NON_WITNESS_INPUT_SIZE;
        }

        spendCost += scriptPubkey.length;

        // Calculate dust limit
        dustLimit = Math.ceilDiv(spendCost * dustFeeRate, 1000);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {IERC1271} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC1271.sol";
import {ECDSA} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";

/**
 * @title Library of utilities for making EIP1271-compliant signature checks.
 * @author Lombard.Finance
 * @notice The contracts is a part of Lombard.Finace protocol
 */
library EIP1271SignatureUtils {
    // bytes4(keccak256("isValidSignature(bytes32,bytes)")
    bytes4 internal constant EIP1271_MAGICVALUE = 0x1626ba7e;
    bytes4 internal constant EIP1271_WRONGVALUE = 0xffffffff;

    /**
     * @notice Checks @param signature is a valid signature of @param digest from @param signer.
     * If the `signer` contains no code -- i.e. it is not (yet, at least) a contract address, then checks using standard ECDSA logic
     * Otherwise, passes on the signature to the signer to verify the signature and checks that it returns the `EIP1271_MAGICVALUE`.
     */
    function checkSignature(
        address signer,
        bytes32 digest,
        bytes memory signature
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        if (signer.code.length != 0) {
            if (
                IERC1271(signer).isValidSignature(digest, signature) !=
                EIP1271_MAGICVALUE
            ) {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            if (ECDSA.recover(digest, signature) != signer) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity 0.8.24;

import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

library FeeUtils {
    uint256 constant MAX_COMMISSION = 10000; // 100%

    error AmountTooSmallToPayRelativeFee();
    error BadCommission();

    function calcRelativeFee(
        uint256 amount,
        uint16 relativeComs
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return
            Math.mulDiv(
                amount,
                relativeComs,
                MAX_COMMISSION,
                Math.Rounding.Ceil
            );
    }

    function getRelativeFee(
        uint256 amount,
        uint16 relativeComs
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (amount < relativeComs) revert AmountTooSmallToPayRelativeFee();
        return calcRelativeFee(amount, relativeComs);
    }

    function validateCommission(uint16 commission) internal pure {
        if (commission >= MAX_COMMISSION) revert BadCommission();
    }
}

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