Contract Source Code:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { IMessageLibManager } from "./IMessageLibManager.sol";
import { IMessagingComposer } from "./IMessagingComposer.sol";
import { IMessagingChannel } from "./IMessagingChannel.sol";
import { IMessagingContext } from "./IMessagingContext.sol";

struct MessagingParams {
    uint32 dstEid;
    bytes32 receiver;
    bytes message;
    bytes options;
    bool payInLzToken;
}

struct MessagingReceipt {
    bytes32 guid;
    uint64 nonce;
    MessagingFee fee;
}

struct MessagingFee {
    uint256 nativeFee;
    uint256 lzTokenFee;
}

struct Origin {
    uint32 srcEid;
    bytes32 sender;
    uint64 nonce;
}

interface ILayerZeroEndpointV2 is IMessageLibManager, IMessagingComposer, IMessagingChannel, IMessagingContext {
    event PacketSent(bytes encodedPayload, bytes options, address sendLibrary);

    event PacketVerified(Origin origin, address receiver, bytes32 payloadHash);

    event PacketDelivered(Origin origin, address receiver);

    event LzReceiveAlert(
        address indexed receiver,
        address indexed executor,
        Origin origin,
        bytes32 guid,
        uint256 gas,
        uint256 value,
        bytes message,
        bytes extraData,
        bytes reason
    );

    event LzTokenSet(address token);

    event DelegateSet(address sender, address delegate);

    function quote(MessagingParams calldata _params, address _sender) external view returns (MessagingFee memory);

    function send(
        MessagingParams calldata _params,
        address _refundAddress
    ) external payable returns (MessagingReceipt memory);

    function verify(Origin calldata _origin, address _receiver, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function verifiable(Origin calldata _origin, address _receiver) external view returns (bool);

    function initializable(Origin calldata _origin, address _receiver) external view returns (bool);

    function lzReceive(
        Origin calldata _origin,
        address _receiver,
        bytes32 _guid,
        bytes calldata _message,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable;

    // oapp can burn messages partially by calling this function with its own business logic if messages are verified in order
    function clear(address _oapp, Origin calldata _origin, bytes32 _guid, bytes calldata _message) external;

    function setLzToken(address _lzToken) external;

    function lzToken() external view returns (address);

    function nativeToken() external view returns (address);

    function setDelegate(address _delegate) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

import { SetConfigParam } from "./IMessageLibManager.sol";

enum MessageLibType {
    Send,
    Receive,
    SendAndReceive
}

interface IMessageLib is IERC165 {
    function setConfig(address _oapp, SetConfigParam[] calldata _config) external;

    function getConfig(uint32 _eid, address _oapp, uint32 _configType) external view returns (bytes memory config);

    function isSupportedEid(uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool);

    // message libs of same major version are compatible
    function version() external view returns (uint64 major, uint8 minor, uint8 endpointVersion);

    function messageLibType() external view returns (MessageLibType);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

struct SetConfigParam {
    uint32 eid;
    uint32 configType;
    bytes config;
}

interface IMessageLibManager {
    struct Timeout {
        address lib;
        uint256 expiry;
    }

    event LibraryRegistered(address newLib);
    event DefaultSendLibrarySet(uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event DefaultReceiveLibrarySet(uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event DefaultReceiveLibraryTimeoutSet(uint32 eid, address oldLib, uint256 expiry);
    event SendLibrarySet(address sender, uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event ReceiveLibrarySet(address receiver, uint32 eid, address newLib);
    event ReceiveLibraryTimeoutSet(address receiver, uint32 eid, address oldLib, uint256 timeout);

    function registerLibrary(address _lib) external;

    function isRegisteredLibrary(address _lib) external view returns (bool);

    function getRegisteredLibraries() external view returns (address[] memory);

    function setDefaultSendLibrary(uint32 _eid, address _newLib) external;

    function defaultSendLibrary(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address);

    function setDefaultReceiveLibrary(uint32 _eid, address _newLib, uint256 _gracePeriod) external;

    function defaultReceiveLibrary(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address);

    function setDefaultReceiveLibraryTimeout(uint32 _eid, address _lib, uint256 _expiry) external;

    function defaultReceiveLibraryTimeout(uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, uint256 expiry);

    function isSupportedEid(uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool);

    function isValidReceiveLibrary(address _receiver, uint32 _eid, address _lib) external view returns (bool);

    /// ------------------- OApp interfaces -------------------
    function setSendLibrary(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _newLib) external;

    function getSendLibrary(address _sender, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib);

    function isDefaultSendLibrary(address _sender, uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool);

    function setReceiveLibrary(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _newLib, uint256 _gracePeriod) external;

    function getReceiveLibrary(address _receiver, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, bool isDefault);

    function setReceiveLibraryTimeout(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, address _lib, uint256 _expiry) external;

    function receiveLibraryTimeout(address _receiver, uint32 _eid) external view returns (address lib, uint256 expiry);

    function setConfig(address _oapp, address _lib, SetConfigParam[] calldata _params) external;

    function getConfig(
        address _oapp,
        address _lib,
        uint32 _eid,
        uint32 _configType
    ) external view returns (bytes memory config);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingChannel {
    event InboundNonceSkipped(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce);
    event PacketNilified(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce, bytes32 payloadHash);
    event PacketBurnt(uint32 srcEid, bytes32 sender, address receiver, uint64 nonce, bytes32 payloadHash);

    function eid() external view returns (uint32);

    // this is an emergency function if a message cannot be verified for some reasons
    // required to provide _nextNonce to avoid race condition
    function skip(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce) external;

    function nilify(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function burn(address _oapp, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender, uint64 _nonce, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;

    function nextGuid(address _sender, uint32 _dstEid, bytes32 _receiver) external view returns (bytes32);

    function inboundNonce(address _receiver, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender) external view returns (uint64);

    function outboundNonce(address _sender, uint32 _dstEid, bytes32 _receiver) external view returns (uint64);

    function inboundPayloadHash(
        address _receiver,
        uint32 _srcEid,
        bytes32 _sender,
        uint64 _nonce
    ) external view returns (bytes32);

    function lazyInboundNonce(address _receiver, uint32 _srcEid, bytes32 _sender) external view returns (uint64);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingComposer {
    event ComposeSent(address from, address to, bytes32 guid, uint16 index, bytes message);
    event ComposeDelivered(address from, address to, bytes32 guid, uint16 index);
    event LzComposeAlert(
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        address indexed executor,
        bytes32 guid,
        uint16 index,
        uint256 gas,
        uint256 value,
        bytes message,
        bytes extraData,
        bytes reason
    );

    function composeQueue(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        bytes32 _guid,
        uint16 _index
    ) external view returns (bytes32 messageHash);

    function sendCompose(address _to, bytes32 _guid, uint16 _index, bytes calldata _message) external;

    function lzCompose(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        bytes32 _guid,
        uint16 _index,
        bytes calldata _message,
        bytes calldata _extraData
    ) external payable;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IMessagingContext {
    function isSendingMessage() external view returns (bool);

    function getSendContext() external view returns (uint32 dstEid, address sender);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { MessagingFee } from "./ILayerZeroEndpointV2.sol";
import { IMessageLib } from "./IMessageLib.sol";

struct Packet {
    uint64 nonce;
    uint32 srcEid;
    address sender;
    uint32 dstEid;
    bytes32 receiver;
    bytes32 guid;
    bytes message;
}

interface ISendLib is IMessageLib {
    function send(
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes calldata _options,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external returns (MessagingFee memory, bytes memory encodedPacket);

    function quote(
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes calldata _options,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external view returns (MessagingFee memory);

    function setTreasury(address _treasury) external;

    function withdrawFee(address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function withdrawLzTokenFee(address _lzToken, address _to, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

library AddressCast {
    error AddressCast_InvalidSizeForAddress();
    error AddressCast_InvalidAddress();

    function toBytes32(bytes calldata _addressBytes) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        if (_addressBytes.length > 32) revert AddressCast_InvalidAddress();
        result = bytes32(_addressBytes);
        unchecked {
            uint256 offset = 32 - _addressBytes.length;
            result = result >> (offset * 8);
        }
    }

    function toBytes32(address _address) internal pure returns (bytes32 result) {
        result = bytes32(uint256(uint160(_address)));
    }

    function toBytes(bytes32 _addressBytes32, uint256 _size) internal pure returns (bytes memory result) {
        if (_size == 0 || _size > 32) revert AddressCast_InvalidSizeForAddress();
        result = new bytes(_size);
        unchecked {
            uint256 offset = 256 - _size * 8;
            assembly {
                mstore(add(result, 32), shl(offset, _addressBytes32))
            }
        }
    }

    function toAddress(bytes32 _addressBytes32) internal pure returns (address result) {
        result = address(uint160(uint256(_addressBytes32)));
    }

    function toAddress(bytes calldata _addressBytes) internal pure returns (address result) {
        if (_addressBytes.length != 20) revert AddressCast_InvalidAddress();
        result = address(bytes20(_addressBytes));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

library CalldataBytesLib {
    function toU8(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(_bytes[_start]);
    }

    function toU16(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 2;
            return uint16(bytes2(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toU32(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 4;
            return uint32(bytes4(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toU64(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 8;
            return uint64(bytes8(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toU128(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 16;
            return uint128(bytes16(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toU256(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 32;
            return uint256(bytes32(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toAddr(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (address) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 20;
            return address(bytes20(_bytes[_start:end]));
        }
    }

    function toB32(bytes calldata _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 end = _start + 32;
            return bytes32(_bytes[_start:end]);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

library Transfer {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    address internal constant ADDRESS_ZERO = address(0);

    error Transfer_NativeFailed(address _to, uint256 _value);
    error Transfer_ToAddressIsZero();

    function native(address _to, uint256 _value) internal {
        if (_to == ADDRESS_ZERO) revert Transfer_ToAddressIsZero();
        (bool success, ) = _to.call{ value: _value }("");
        if (!success) revert Transfer_NativeFailed(_to, _value);
    }

    function token(address _token, address _to, uint256 _value) internal {
        if (_to == ADDRESS_ZERO) revert Transfer_ToAddressIsZero();
        IERC20(_token).safeTransfer(_to, _value);
    }

    function nativeOrToken(address _token, address _to, uint256 _value) internal {
        if (_token == ADDRESS_ZERO) {
            native(_to, _value);
        } else {
            token(_token, _to, _value);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

// modified from https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/master/contracts/utils/structs/BitMaps.sol
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

type BitMap256 is uint256;

using BitMaps for BitMap256 global;

library BitMaps {
    /**
     * @dev Returns whether the bit at `index` is set.
     */
    function get(BitMap256 bitmap, uint8 index) internal pure returns (bool) {
        uint256 mask = 1 << index;
        return BitMap256.unwrap(bitmap) & mask != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets the bit at `index`.
     */
    function set(BitMap256 bitmap, uint8 index) internal pure returns (BitMap256) {
        uint256 mask = 1 << index;
        return BitMap256.wrap(BitMap256.unwrap(bitmap) | mask);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { CalldataBytesLib } from "../../libs/CalldataBytesLib.sol";

library ExecutorOptions {
    using CalldataBytesLib for bytes;

    uint8 internal constant WORKER_ID = 1;

    uint8 internal constant OPTION_TYPE_LZRECEIVE = 1;
    uint8 internal constant OPTION_TYPE_NATIVE_DROP = 2;
    uint8 internal constant OPTION_TYPE_LZCOMPOSE = 3;
    uint8 internal constant OPTION_TYPE_ORDERED_EXECUTION = 4;

    error Executor_InvalidLzReceiveOption();
    error Executor_InvalidNativeDropOption();
    error Executor_InvalidLzComposeOption();

    /// @dev decode the next executor option from the options starting from the specified cursor
    /// @param _options [executor_id][executor_option][executor_id][executor_option]...
    ///        executor_option = [option_size][option_type][option]
    ///        option_size = len(option_type) + len(option)
    ///        executor_id: uint8, option_size: uint16, option_type: uint8, option: bytes
    /// @param _cursor the cursor to start decoding from
    /// @return optionType the type of the option
    /// @return option the option of the executor
    /// @return cursor the cursor to start decoding the next executor option
    function nextExecutorOption(
        bytes calldata _options,
        uint256 _cursor
    ) internal pure returns (uint8 optionType, bytes calldata option, uint256 cursor) {
        unchecked {
            // skip worker id
            cursor = _cursor + 1;

            // read option size
            uint16 size = _options.toU16(cursor);
            cursor += 2;

            // read option type
            optionType = _options.toU8(cursor);

            // startCursor and endCursor are used to slice the option from _options
            uint256 startCursor = cursor + 1; // skip option type
            uint256 endCursor = cursor + size;
            option = _options[startCursor:endCursor];
            cursor += size;
        }
    }

    function decodeLzReceiveOption(bytes calldata _option) internal pure returns (uint128 gas, uint128 value) {
        if (_option.length != 16 && _option.length != 32) revert Executor_InvalidLzReceiveOption();
        gas = _option.toU128(0);
        value = _option.length == 32 ? _option.toU128(16) : 0;
    }

    function decodeNativeDropOption(bytes calldata _option) internal pure returns (uint128 amount, bytes32 receiver) {
        if (_option.length != 48) revert Executor_InvalidNativeDropOption();
        amount = _option.toU128(0);
        receiver = _option.toB32(16);
    }

    function decodeLzComposeOption(
        bytes calldata _option
    ) internal pure returns (uint16 index, uint128 gas, uint128 value) {
        if (_option.length != 18 && _option.length != 34) revert Executor_InvalidLzComposeOption();
        index = _option.toU16(0);
        gas = _option.toU128(2);
        value = _option.length == 34 ? _option.toU128(18) : 0;
    }

    function encodeLzReceiveOption(uint128 _gas, uint128 _value) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _value == 0 ? abi.encodePacked(_gas) : abi.encodePacked(_gas, _value);
    }

    function encodeNativeDropOption(uint128 _amount, bytes32 _receiver) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(_amount, _receiver);
    }

    function encodeLzComposeOption(uint16 _index, uint128 _gas, uint128 _value) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _value == 0 ? abi.encodePacked(_index, _gas) : abi.encodePacked(_index, _gas, _value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { Packet } from "../../interfaces/ISendLib.sol";
import { AddressCast } from "../../libs/AddressCast.sol";

library PacketV1Codec {
    using AddressCast for address;
    using AddressCast for bytes32;

    uint8 internal constant PACKET_VERSION = 1;

    // header (version + nonce + path)
    // version
    uint256 private constant PACKET_VERSION_OFFSET = 0;
    //    nonce
    uint256 private constant NONCE_OFFSET = 1;
    //    path
    uint256 private constant SRC_EID_OFFSET = 9;
    uint256 private constant SENDER_OFFSET = 13;
    uint256 private constant DST_EID_OFFSET = 45;
    uint256 private constant RECEIVER_OFFSET = 49;
    // payload (guid + message)
    uint256 private constant GUID_OFFSET = 81; // keccak256(nonce + path)
    uint256 private constant MESSAGE_OFFSET = 113;

    function encode(Packet memory _packet) internal pure returns (bytes memory encodedPacket) {
        encodedPacket = abi.encodePacked(
            PACKET_VERSION,
            _packet.nonce,
            _packet.srcEid,
            _packet.sender.toBytes32(),
            _packet.dstEid,
            _packet.receiver,
            _packet.guid,
            _packet.message
        );
    }

    function encodePacketHeader(Packet memory _packet) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            abi.encodePacked(
                PACKET_VERSION,
                _packet.nonce,
                _packet.srcEid,
                _packet.sender.toBytes32(),
                _packet.dstEid,
                _packet.receiver
            );
    }

    function encodePayload(Packet memory _packet) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return abi.encodePacked(_packet.guid, _packet.message);
    }

    function header(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        return _packet[0:GUID_OFFSET];
    }

    function version(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        return uint8(bytes1(_packet[PACKET_VERSION_OFFSET:NONCE_OFFSET]));
    }

    function nonce(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        return uint64(bytes8(_packet[NONCE_OFFSET:SRC_EID_OFFSET]));
    }

    function srcEid(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_packet[SRC_EID_OFFSET:SENDER_OFFSET]));
    }

    function sender(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_packet[SENDER_OFFSET:DST_EID_OFFSET]);
    }

    function senderAddressB20(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (address) {
        return sender(_packet).toAddress();
    }

    function dstEid(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        return uint32(bytes4(_packet[DST_EID_OFFSET:RECEIVER_OFFSET]));
    }

    function receiver(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_packet[RECEIVER_OFFSET:GUID_OFFSET]);
    }

    function receiverB20(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (address) {
        return receiver(_packet).toAddress();
    }

    function guid(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(_packet[GUID_OFFSET:MESSAGE_OFFSET]);
    }

    function message(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        return bytes(_packet[MESSAGE_OFFSET:]);
    }

    function payload(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes calldata) {
        return bytes(_packet[GUID_OFFSET:]);
    }

    function payloadHash(bytes calldata _packet) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(payload(_packet));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

pragma solidity >=0.7.0;
pragma abicoder v2;

interface ILayerZeroUltraLightNodeV2 {
    // Relayer functions
    function validateTransactionProof(
        uint16 _srcChainId,
        address _dstAddress,
        uint _gasLimit,
        bytes32 _lookupHash,
        bytes32 _blockData,
        bytes calldata _transactionProof
    ) external;

    // an Oracle delivers the block data using updateHash()
    function updateHash(uint16 _srcChainId, bytes32 _lookupHash, uint _confirmations, bytes32 _blockData) external;

    // can only withdraw the receivable of the msg.sender
    function withdrawNative(address payable _to, uint _amount) external;

    function withdrawZRO(address _to, uint _amount) external;

    // view functions
    function getAppConfig(
        uint16 _remoteChainId,
        address _userApplicationAddress
    ) external view returns (ApplicationConfiguration memory);

    function accruedNativeFee(address _address) external view returns (uint);

    struct ApplicationConfiguration {
        uint16 inboundProofLibraryVersion;
        uint64 inboundBlockConfirmations;
        address relayer;
        uint16 outboundProofType;
        uint64 outboundBlockConfirmations;
        address oracle;
    }

    event HashReceived(
        uint16 indexed srcChainId,
        address indexed oracle,
        bytes32 lookupHash,
        bytes32 blockData,
        uint confirmations
    );
    event RelayerParams(bytes adapterParams, uint16 outboundProofType);
    event Packet(bytes payload);
    event InvalidDst(
        uint16 indexed srcChainId,
        bytes srcAddress,
        address indexed dstAddress,
        uint64 nonce,
        bytes32 payloadHash
    );
    event PacketReceived(
        uint16 indexed srcChainId,
        bytes srcAddress,
        address indexed dstAddress,
        uint64 nonce,
        bytes32 payloadHash
    );
    event AppConfigUpdated(address indexed userApplication, uint indexed configType, bytes newConfig);
    event AddInboundProofLibraryForChain(uint16 indexed chainId, address lib);
    event EnableSupportedOutboundProof(uint16 indexed chainId, uint16 proofType);
    event SetChainAddressSize(uint16 indexed chainId, uint size);
    event SetDefaultConfigForChainId(
        uint16 indexed chainId,
        uint16 inboundProofLib,
        uint64 inboundBlockConfirm,
        address relayer,
        uint16 outboundProofType,
        uint64 outboundBlockConfirm,
        address oracle
    );
    event SetDefaultAdapterParamsForChainId(uint16 indexed chainId, uint16 indexed proofType, bytes adapterParams);
    event SetLayerZeroToken(address indexed tokenAddress);
    event SetRemoteUln(uint16 indexed chainId, bytes32 uln);
    event SetTreasury(address indexed treasuryAddress);
    event WithdrawZRO(address indexed msgSender, address indexed to, uint amount);
    event WithdrawNative(address indexed msgSender, address indexed to, uint amount);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IAccessControl.sol";
import "../utils/Context.sol";
import "../utils/Strings.sol";
import "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it. We recommend using {AccessControlDefaultAdminRules}
 * to enforce additional security measures for this role.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address => bool) members;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with a standardized message including the required role.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].members[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `_msgSender()` is missing `role`.
     * Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     *
     * Format of the revert message is described in {_checkRole}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.6._
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revert with a standard message if `account` is missing `role`.
     *
     * The format of the revert reason is given by the following regular expression:
     *
     *  /^AccessControl: account (0x[0-9a-f]{40}) is missing role (0x[0-9a-f]{64})$/
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert(
                string(
                    abi.encodePacked(
                        "AccessControl: account ",
                        Strings.toHexString(account),
                        " is missing role ",
                        Strings.toHexString(uint256(role), 32)
                    )
                )
            );
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual override returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual override {
        require(account == _msgSender(), "AccessControl: can only renounce roles for self");

        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event. Note that unlike {grantRole}, this function doesn't perform any
     * checks on the calling account.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     *
     * [WARNING]
     * ====
     * This function should only be called from the constructor when setting
     * up the initial roles for the system.
     *
     * Using this function in any other way is effectively circumventing the admin
     * system imposed by {AccessControl}.
     * ====
     *
     * NOTE: This function is deprecated in favor of {_grantRole}.
     */
    function _setupRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].members[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `account`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract Ownable is Context {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    constructor() {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract Pausable is Context {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    constructor() {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.3) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.4) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/Math.sol";
import "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Strings.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSA {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32 message) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32")
            mstore(0x1c, hash)
            message := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", Strings.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 data) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, "\x19\x01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            data := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Data with intended validator, created from a
     * `validator` and `data` according to the version 0 of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x00", validator, data));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableSet.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableSet, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableSet.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastValue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastValue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastValue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastValue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/// @dev simply a container of endpoint address and local eid
abstract contract MessageLibBase {
    address internal immutable endpoint;
    uint32 internal immutable localEid;

    error LZ_MessageLib_OnlyEndpoint();

    modifier onlyEndpoint() {
        if (endpoint != msg.sender) revert LZ_MessageLib_OnlyEndpoint();
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _endpoint, uint32 _localEid) {
        endpoint = _endpoint;
        localEid = _localEid;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { Pausable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/security/Pausable.sol";
import { AccessControl } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";

import { ISendLib } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/ISendLib.sol";
import { Transfer } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/libs/Transfer.sol";

import { IWorker } from "./interfaces/IWorker.sol";

abstract contract Worker is AccessControl, Pausable, IWorker {
    bytes32 internal constant MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE = keccak256("MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE");
    bytes32 internal constant ALLOWLIST = keccak256("ALLOWLIST");
    bytes32 internal constant DENYLIST = keccak256("DENYLIST");
    bytes32 internal constant ADMIN_ROLE = keccak256("ADMIN_ROLE");

    address public workerFeeLib;

    uint64 public allowlistSize;
    uint16 public defaultMultiplierBps;
    address public priceFeed;

    mapping(uint32 eid => uint8[] optionTypes) internal supportedOptionTypes;

    // ========================= Constructor =========================

    /// @param _messageLibs array of message lib addresses that are granted the MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE
    /// @param _priceFeed price feed address
    /// @param _defaultMultiplierBps default multiplier for worker fee
    /// @param _roleAdmin address that is granted the DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE (can grant and revoke all roles)
    /// @param _admins array of admin addresses that are granted the ADMIN_ROLE
    constructor(
        address[] memory _messageLibs,
        address _priceFeed,
        uint16 _defaultMultiplierBps,
        address _roleAdmin,
        address[] memory _admins
    ) {
        defaultMultiplierBps = _defaultMultiplierBps;
        priceFeed = _priceFeed;

        if (_roleAdmin != address(0x0)) {
            _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, _roleAdmin); // _roleAdmin can grant and revoke all roles
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _messageLibs.length; ++i) {
            _grantRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE, _messageLibs[i]);
        }

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _admins.length; ++i) {
            _grantRole(ADMIN_ROLE, _admins[i]);
        }
    }

    // ========================= Modifier =========================

    modifier onlyAcl(address _sender) {
        if (!hasAcl(_sender)) {
            revert Worker_NotAllowed();
        }
        _;
    }

    /// @dev Access control list using allowlist and denylist
    /// @dev 1) if one address is in the denylist -> deny
    /// @dev 2) else if address in the allowlist OR allowlist is empty (allows everyone)-> allow
    /// @dev 3) else deny
    /// @param _sender address to check
    function hasAcl(address _sender) public view returns (bool) {
        if (hasRole(DENYLIST, _sender)) {
            return false;
        } else if (allowlistSize == 0 || hasRole(ALLOWLIST, _sender)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    // ========================= OnyDefaultAdmin =========================

    /// @dev flag to pause execution of workers (if used with whenNotPaused modifier)
    /// @param _paused true to pause, false to unpause
    function setPaused(bool _paused) external onlyRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        if (_paused) {
            _pause();
        } else {
            _unpause();
        }
    }

    // ========================= OnlyAdmin =========================

    /// @param _priceFeed price feed address
    function setPriceFeed(address _priceFeed) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        priceFeed = _priceFeed;
        emit SetPriceFeed(_priceFeed);
    }

    /// @param _workerFeeLib worker fee lib address
    function setWorkerFeeLib(address _workerFeeLib) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        workerFeeLib = _workerFeeLib;
        emit SetWorkerLib(_workerFeeLib);
    }

    /// @param _multiplierBps default multiplier for worker fee
    function setDefaultMultiplierBps(uint16 _multiplierBps) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        defaultMultiplierBps = _multiplierBps;
        emit SetDefaultMultiplierBps(_multiplierBps);
    }

    /// @dev supports withdrawing fee from ULN301, ULN302 and more
    /// @param _lib message lib address
    /// @param _to address to withdraw fee to
    /// @param _amount amount to withdraw
    function withdrawFee(address _lib, address _to, uint256 _amount) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        if (!hasRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE, _lib)) revert Worker_OnlyMessageLib();
        ISendLib(_lib).withdrawFee(_to, _amount);
        emit Withdraw(_lib, _to, _amount);
    }

    /// @dev supports withdrawing token from the contract
    /// @param _token token address
    /// @param _to address to withdraw token to
    /// @param _amount amount to withdraw
    function withdrawToken(address _token, address _to, uint256 _amount) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        // transfers native if _token is address(0x0)
        Transfer.nativeOrToken(_token, _to, _amount);
    }

    function setSupportedOptionTypes(uint32 _eid, uint8[] calldata _optionTypes) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        supportedOptionTypes[_eid] = _optionTypes;
    }

    // ========================= View Functions =========================
    function getSupportedOptionTypes(uint32 _eid) external view returns (uint8[] memory) {
        return supportedOptionTypes[_eid];
    }

    // ========================= Internal Functions =========================

    /// @dev overrides AccessControl to allow for counting of allowlistSize
    /// @param _role role to grant
    /// @param _account address to grant role to
    function _grantRole(bytes32 _role, address _account) internal override {
        if (_role == ALLOWLIST && !hasRole(_role, _account)) {
            ++allowlistSize;
        }
        super._grantRole(_role, _account);
    }

    /// @dev overrides AccessControl to allow for counting of allowlistSize
    /// @param _role role to revoke
    /// @param _account address to revoke role from
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 _role, address _account) internal override {
        if (_role == ALLOWLIST && hasRole(_role, _account)) {
            --allowlistSize;
        }
        super._revokeRole(_role, _account);
    }

    /// @dev overrides AccessControl to disable renouncing of roles
    function renounceRole(bytes32 /*role*/, address /*account*/) public pure override {
        revert Worker_RoleRenouncingDisabled();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface ILayerZeroReadExecutor {
    // @notice query price and assign jobs at the same time
    // @param _sender - the source sending contract address. executors may apply price discrimination to senders
    // @param _options - optional parameters for extra service plugins, e.g. sending dust tokens at the destination chain
    function assignJob(address _sender, bytes calldata _options) external returns (uint256 fee);

    // @notice query the executor price for executing the payload on this chain
    // @param _sender - the source sending contract address. executors may apply price discrimination to senders
    // @param _options - optional parameters for extra service plugins, e.g. sending dust tokens
    function getFee(address _sender, bytes calldata _options) external view returns (uint256 fee);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface ILayerZeroTreasury {
    function getFee(
        address _sender,
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint256 _totalNativeFee,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function payFee(
        address _sender,
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint256 _totalNativeFee,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external payable returns (uint256 fee);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface IWorker {
    event SetWorkerLib(address workerLib);
    event SetPriceFeed(address priceFeed);
    event SetDefaultMultiplierBps(uint16 multiplierBps);
    event SetSupportedOptionTypes(uint32 dstEid, uint8[] optionTypes);
    event Withdraw(address lib, address to, uint256 amount);

    error Worker_NotAllowed();
    error Worker_OnlyMessageLib();
    error Worker_RoleRenouncingDisabled();

    function setPriceFeed(address _priceFeed) external;

    function priceFeed() external view returns (address);

    function setDefaultMultiplierBps(uint16 _multiplierBps) external;

    function defaultMultiplierBps() external view returns (uint16);

    function withdrawFee(address _lib, address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function setSupportedOptionTypes(uint32 _eid, uint8[] calldata _optionTypes) external;

    function getSupportedOptionTypes(uint32 _eid) external view returns (uint8[] memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/// @dev copied from https://github.com/nomad-xyz/ExcessivelySafeCall/blob/main/src/ExcessivelySafeCall.sol.
library SafeCall {
    /// @notice calls a contract with a specified gas limit and value and captures the return data
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _value The value in wei to send to the remote contract
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function safeCall(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint256 _value,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // check that target has code
        uint size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(_target)
        }
        if (size == 0) {
            return (false, new bytes(0));
        }

        // set up for assembly call
        uint256 _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := call(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                _value, // ether value
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
            // limit our copy to 100 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
            // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
            // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }

    /// @notice Use when you _really_ really _really_ don't trust the called
    /// contract. This prevents the called contract from causing reversion of
    /// the caller in as many ways as we can.
    /// @dev The main difference between this and a solidity low-level call is
    /// that we limit the number of bytes that the callee can cause to be
    /// copied to caller memory. This prevents stupid things like malicious
    /// contracts returning 10,000,000 bytes causing a local OOG when copying
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _target The address to call
    /// @param _gas The amount of gas to forward to the remote contract
    /// @param _maxCopy The maximum number of bytes of returndata to copy
    /// to memory.
    /// @param _calldata The data to send to the remote contract
    /// @return success and returndata, as `.call()`. Returndata is capped to
    /// `_maxCopy` bytes.
    function safeStaticCall(
        address _target,
        uint256 _gas,
        uint16 _maxCopy,
        bytes memory _calldata
    ) internal view returns (bool, bytes memory) {
        // check that target has code
        uint size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(_target)
        }
        if (size == 0) {
            return (false, new bytes(0));
        }

        // set up for assembly call
        uint256 _toCopy;
        bool _success;
        bytes memory _returnData = new bytes(_maxCopy);
        // dispatch message to recipient
        // by assembly calling "handle" function
        // we call via assembly to avoid memcopying a very large returndata
        // returned by a malicious contract
        assembly {
            _success := staticcall(
                _gas, // gas
                _target, // recipient
                add(_calldata, 0x20), // inloc
                mload(_calldata), // inlen
                0, // outloc
                0 // outlen
            )
            // limit our copy to 256 bytes
            _toCopy := returndatasize()
            if gt(_toCopy, _maxCopy) {
                _toCopy := _maxCopy
            }
            // Store the length of the copied bytes
            mstore(_returnData, _toCopy)
            // copy the bytes from returndata[0:_toCopy]
            returndatacopy(add(_returnData, 0x20), 0, _toCopy)
        }
        return (_success, _returnData);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { ILayerZeroUltraLightNodeV2 } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-v1-0.7/contracts/interfaces/ILayerZeroUltraLightNodeV2.sol";

import { Worker } from "../../Worker.sol";
import { MultiSig } from "./MultiSig.sol";
import { ReadLib1002 } from "../readlib/ReadLib1002.sol";
import { IDVN } from "../interfaces/IDVN.sol";
import { IDVNFeeLib } from "../interfaces/IDVNFeeLib.sol";
import { IReceiveUlnE2 } from "../interfaces/IReceiveUlnE2.sol";

struct ExecuteParam {
    uint32 vid;
    address target;
    bytes callData;
    uint256 expiration;
    bytes signatures;
}

contract DVN is Worker, MultiSig, IDVN {
    // to uniquely identify this DVN instance
    // set to endpoint v1 eid if available OR endpoint v2 eid % 30_000
    uint32 public immutable vid;
    uint32 public immutable localEidV2; // endpoint-v2 only, for read call

    mapping(uint32 dstEid => DstConfig) public dstConfig;
    mapping(bytes32 executableHash => bool used) public usedHashes;

    error DVN_OnlySelf();
    error DVN_InvalidRole(bytes32 role);
    error DVN_InstructionExpired();
    error DVN_InvalidTarget(address target);
    error DVN_InvalidVid(uint32 vid);
    error DVN_InvalidSignatures();
    error DVN_DuplicatedHash(bytes32 executableHash);

    event VerifySignaturesFailed(uint256 idx);
    event ExecuteFailed(uint256 _index, bytes _data);
    event HashAlreadyUsed(ExecuteParam param, bytes32 _hash);
    // same as DVNFeePaid, but for ULNv2
    event VerifierFeePaid(uint256 fee);

    // ========================= Constructor =========================

    /// @dev DVN doesn't have a roleAdmin (address(0x0))
    /// @dev Supports all of ULNv2, ULN301, ULN302 and more
    /// @param _localEidV2 local endpoint-v2 eid
    /// @param _vid unique identifier for this DVN instance
    /// @param _messageLibs array of message lib addresses that are granted the MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE
    /// @param _priceFeed price feed address
    /// @param _signers array of signer addresses for multisig
    /// @param _quorum quorum for multisig
    /// @param _admins array of admin addresses that are granted the ADMIN_ROLE
    constructor(
        uint32 _localEidV2,
        uint32 _vid,
        address[] memory _messageLibs,
        address _priceFeed,
        address[] memory _signers,
        uint64 _quorum,
        address[] memory _admins
    ) Worker(_messageLibs, _priceFeed, 12000, address(0x0), _admins) MultiSig(_signers, _quorum) {
        vid = _vid;
        localEidV2 = _localEidV2;
    }

    // ========================= Modifier =========================

    /// @dev depending on role, restrict access to only self or admin
    /// @dev ALLOWLIST, DENYLIST, MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE can only be granted/revoked by self
    /// @dev ADMIN_ROLE can only be granted/revoked by admin
    /// @dev reverts if not one of the above roles
    /// @param _role role to check
    modifier onlySelfOrAdmin(bytes32 _role) {
        if (_role == ALLOWLIST || _role == DENYLIST || _role == MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE) {
            // self required
            if (address(this) != msg.sender) {
                revert DVN_OnlySelf();
            }
        } else if (_role == ADMIN_ROLE) {
            // admin required
            _checkRole(ADMIN_ROLE);
        } else {
            revert DVN_InvalidRole(_role);
        }
        _;
    }

    modifier onlySelf() {
        if (address(this) != msg.sender) {
            revert DVN_OnlySelf();
        }
        _;
    }

    // ========================= OnlySelf =========================

    /// @dev set signers for multisig
    /// @dev function sig 0x31cb6105
    /// @param _signer signer address
    /// @param _active true to add, false to remove
    function setSigner(address _signer, bool _active) external onlySelf {
        _setSigner(_signer, _active);
    }

    /// @dev set quorum for multisig
    /// @dev function sig 0x8585c945
    /// @param _quorum to set
    function setQuorum(uint64 _quorum) external onlySelf {
        _setQuorum(_quorum);
    }

    // ========================= OnlySelf / OnlyAdmin =========================

    /// @dev overrides AccessControl to allow self/admin to grant role'
    /// @dev function sig 0x2f2ff15d
    /// @param _role role to grant
    /// @param _account account to grant role to
    function grantRole(bytes32 _role, address _account) public override onlySelfOrAdmin(_role) {
        _grantRole(_role, _account);
    }

    /// @dev overrides AccessControl to allow self/admin to revoke role
    /// @dev function sig 0xd547741f
    /// @param _role role to revoke
    /// @param _account account to revoke role from
    function revokeRole(bytes32 _role, address _account) public override onlySelfOrAdmin(_role) {
        _revokeRole(_role, _account);
    }

    // ========================= OnlyQuorum =========================

    /// @notice function for quorum to change admin without going through execute function
    /// @dev calldata in the case is abi.encode new admin address
    function quorumChangeAdmin(ExecuteParam calldata _param) external {
        if (_param.expiration <= block.timestamp) {
            revert DVN_InstructionExpired();
        }
        if (_param.target != address(this)) {
            revert DVN_InvalidTarget(_param.target);
        }
        if (_param.vid != vid) {
            revert DVN_InvalidVid(_param.vid);
        }

        // generate and validate hash
        bytes32 hash = hashCallData(_param.vid, _param.target, _param.callData, _param.expiration);
        (bool sigsValid, ) = verifySignatures(hash, _param.signatures);
        if (!sigsValid) {
            revert DVN_InvalidSignatures();
        }
        if (usedHashes[hash]) {
            revert DVN_DuplicatedHash(hash);
        }

        usedHashes[hash] = true;
        _grantRole(ADMIN_ROLE, abi.decode(_param.callData, (address)));
    }

    // ========================= OnlyAdmin =========================

    /// @param _params array of DstConfigParam
    function setDstConfig(DstConfigParam[] calldata _params) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _params.length; ++i) {
            DstConfigParam calldata param = _params[i];
            dstConfig[param.dstEid] = DstConfig(param.gas, param.multiplierBps, param.floorMarginUSD);
        }
        emit SetDstConfig(_params);
    }

    /// @dev takes a list of instructions and executes them in order
    /// @dev if any of the instructions fail, it will emit an error event and continue to execute the rest of the instructions
    /// @param _params array of ExecuteParam, includes target, callData, expiration, signatures
    function execute(ExecuteParam[] calldata _params) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _params.length; ++i) {
            ExecuteParam calldata param = _params[i];
            // 1. skip if invalid vid
            if (param.vid != vid) {
                continue;
            }

            // 2. skip if expired
            if (param.expiration <= block.timestamp) {
                continue;
            }

            // generate and validate hash
            bytes32 hash = hashCallData(param.vid, param.target, param.callData, param.expiration);

            // 3. check signatures
            (bool sigsValid, ) = verifySignatures(hash, param.signatures);
            if (!sigsValid) {
                emit VerifySignaturesFailed(i);
                continue;
            }

            // 4. should check hash
            bool shouldCheckHash = _shouldCheckHash(bytes4(param.callData));
            if (shouldCheckHash) {
                if (usedHashes[hash]) {
                    emit HashAlreadyUsed(param, hash);
                    continue;
                } else {
                    usedHashes[hash] = true; // prevent reentry and replay attack
                }
            }

            (bool success, bytes memory rtnData) = param.target.call(param.callData);
            if (!success) {
                if (shouldCheckHash) {
                    // need to unset the usedHash otherwise it cant be used
                    usedHashes[hash] = false;
                }
                // emit an event in any case
                emit ExecuteFailed(i, rtnData);
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev to support ULNv2
    /// @dev the withdrawFee function for ULN30X is built in the Worker contract
    /// @param _lib message lib address
    /// @param _to address to withdraw to
    /// @param _amount amount to withdraw
    function withdrawFeeFromUlnV2(address _lib, address payable _to, uint256 _amount) external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        if (!hasRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE, _lib)) {
            revert Worker_OnlyMessageLib();
        }
        ILayerZeroUltraLightNodeV2(_lib).withdrawNative(_to, _amount);
    }

    // ========================= OnlyMessageLib =========================

    /// @dev for ULN301, ULN302 and more to assign job
    /// @dev dvn network can reject job from _sender by adding/removing them from allowlist/denylist
    /// @param _param assign job param
    /// @param _options dvn options
    function assignJob(
        AssignJobParam calldata _param,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external payable onlyRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE) onlyAcl(_param.sender) returns (uint256 totalFee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams memory feeParams = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams(
            priceFeed,
            _param.dstEid,
            _param.confirmations,
            _param.sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        totalFee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFeeOnSend(feeParams, dstConfig[_param.dstEid], _options);
    }

    /// @dev to support ULNv2
    /// @dev dvn network can reject job from _sender by adding/removing them from allowlist/denylist
    /// @param _dstEid destination EndpointId
    /// @param //_outboundProofType outbound proof type
    /// @param _confirmations block confirmations
    /// @param _sender message sender address
    function assignJob(
        uint16 _dstEid,
        uint16 /*_outboundProofType*/,
        uint64 _confirmations,
        address _sender
    ) external onlyRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE) onlyAcl(_sender) returns (uint256 totalFee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams memory params = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams(
            priceFeed,
            _dstEid,
            _confirmations,
            _sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        // ULNV2 does not have dvn options
        totalFee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFeeOnSend(params, dstConfig[_dstEid], bytes(""));
        emit VerifierFeePaid(totalFee);
    }

    /// @dev to support ReadLib
    // @param _packetHeader - version + nonce + path
    // @param _cmd - the command to be executed to obtain the payload
    // @param _options - options
    function assignJob(
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata /*_packetHeader*/,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external payable onlyRole(MESSAGE_LIB_ROLE) onlyAcl(_sender) returns (uint256 fee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParamsForRead memory feeParams = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParamsForRead(
            priceFeed,
            _sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        fee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFeeOnSend(feeParams, dstConfig[localEidV2], _cmd, _options);
    }

    // ========================= View =========================

    /// @dev getFee can revert if _sender doesn't pass ACL
    /// @param _dstEid destination EndpointId
    /// @param _confirmations block confirmations
    /// @param _sender message sender address
    /// @param _options dvn options
    /// @return fee fee in native amount
    function getFee(
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint64 _confirmations,
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view onlyAcl(_sender) returns (uint256 fee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams memory params = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams(
            priceFeed,
            _dstEid,
            _confirmations,
            _sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        fee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFee(params, dstConfig[_dstEid], _options);
    }

    /// @dev to support ULNv2
    /// @dev getFee can revert if _sender doesn't pass ACL
    /// @param _dstEid destination EndpointId
    /// @param //_outboundProofType outbound proof type
    /// @param _confirmations block confirmations
    /// @param _sender message sender address
    function getFee(
        uint16 _dstEid,
        uint16 /*_outboundProofType*/,
        uint64 _confirmations,
        address _sender
    ) public view onlyAcl(_sender) returns (uint256 fee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams memory params = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParams(
            priceFeed,
            _dstEid,
            _confirmations,
            _sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        fee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFee(params, dstConfig[_dstEid], bytes(""));
    }

    /// @dev to support ReadLib
    // @param _packetHeader - version + nonce + path
    // @param _cmd - the command to be executed to obtain the payload
    // @param _options - options
    function getFee(
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata /*_packetHeader*/,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view onlyAcl(_sender) returns (uint256 fee) {
        IDVNFeeLib.FeeParamsForRead memory feeParams = IDVNFeeLib.FeeParamsForRead(
            priceFeed,
            _sender,
            quorum,
            defaultMultiplierBps
        );
        fee = IDVNFeeLib(workerFeeLib).getFee(feeParams, dstConfig[localEidV2], _cmd, _options);
    }

    /// @param _target target address
    /// @param _callData call data
    /// @param _expiration expiration timestamp
    /// @return hash of above
    function hashCallData(
        uint32 _vid,
        address _target,
        bytes calldata _callData,
        uint256 _expiration
    ) public pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_vid, _target, _expiration, _callData));
    }

    // ========================= Internal =========================

    /// @dev to save gas, we don't check hash for some functions (where replaying won't change the state)
    /// @dev for example, some administrative functions like changing signers, the contract should check hash to double spending
    /// @dev should ensure that all onlySelf functions have unique functionSig
    /// @param _functionSig function signature
    /// @return true if should check hash
    function _shouldCheckHash(bytes4 _functionSig) internal pure returns (bool) {
        // never check for these selectors to save gas
        return
            _functionSig != IReceiveUlnE2.verify.selector && // 0x0223536e, replaying won't change the state
            _functionSig != ReadLib1002.verify.selector && // 0xab750e75, replaying won't change the state
            _functionSig != ILayerZeroUltraLightNodeV2.updateHash.selector; // 0x704316e5, replaying will be revert at uln
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { ECDSA } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol";
import { EnumerableSet } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";

abstract contract MultiSig {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;

    enum Errors {
        NoError,
        SignatureError,
        DuplicatedSigner,
        SignerNotInCommittee
    }

    EnumerableSet.AddressSet internal signerSet;
    uint64 public quorum;

    error MultiSig_OnlySigner();
    error MultiSig_QuorumIsZero();
    error MultiSig_SignersSizeIsLessThanQuorum(uint64 signersSize, uint64 quorum);
    error MultiSig_UnorderedSigners();
    error MultiSig_StateAlreadySet(address signer, bool active);
    error MultiSig_StateNotSet(address signer, bool active);
    error MultiSig_InvalidSigner();

    event UpdateSigner(address _signer, bool _active);
    event UpdateQuorum(uint64 _quorum);

    modifier onlySigner() {
        if (!isSigner(msg.sender)) {
            revert MultiSig_OnlySigner();
        }
        _;
    }

    constructor(address[] memory _signers, uint64 _quorum) {
        if (_quorum == 0) {
            revert MultiSig_QuorumIsZero();
        }
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _signers.length; i++) {
            address signer = _signers[i];
            if (signer == address(0)) {
                revert MultiSig_InvalidSigner();
            }
            signerSet.add(signer);
        }

        uint64 _signerSize = uint64(signerSet.length());
        if (_signerSize < _quorum) {
            revert MultiSig_SignersSizeIsLessThanQuorum(_signerSize, _quorum);
        }

        quorum = _quorum;
    }

    function _setSigner(address _signer, bool _active) internal {
        if (_active) {
            if (_signer == address(0)) {
                revert MultiSig_InvalidSigner();
            }
            if (!signerSet.add(_signer)) {
                revert MultiSig_StateAlreadySet(_signer, _active);
            }
        } else {
            if (!signerSet.remove(_signer)) {
                revert MultiSig_StateNotSet(_signer, _active);
            }
        }

        uint64 _signerSize = uint64(signerSet.length());
        uint64 _quorum = quorum;
        if (_signerSize < _quorum) {
            revert MultiSig_SignersSizeIsLessThanQuorum(_signerSize, _quorum);
        }
        emit UpdateSigner(_signer, _active);
    }

    function _setQuorum(uint64 _quorum) internal {
        if (_quorum == 0) {
            revert MultiSig_QuorumIsZero();
        }
        uint64 _signerSize = uint64(signerSet.length());
        if (_signerSize < _quorum) {
            revert MultiSig_SignersSizeIsLessThanQuorum(_signerSize, _quorum);
        }
        quorum = _quorum;
        emit UpdateQuorum(_quorum);
    }

    function verifySignatures(bytes32 _hash, bytes calldata _signatures) public view returns (bool, Errors) {
        if (_signatures.length != uint256(quorum) * 65) {
            return (false, Errors.SignatureError);
        }

        bytes32 messageDigest = _getEthSignedMessageHash(_hash);

        address lastSigner = address(0); // There cannot be a signer with address 0.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < quorum; i++) {
            // the quorum is guaranteed not to be zero in the constructor and setter
            bytes calldata signature = _signatures[i * 65:(i + 1) * 65];
            (address currentSigner, ECDSA.RecoverError error) = ECDSA.tryRecover(messageDigest, signature);

            if (error != ECDSA.RecoverError.NoError) return (false, Errors.SignatureError);
            if (currentSigner <= lastSigner) return (false, Errors.DuplicatedSigner); // prevent duplicate signatures, the signers must be ordered to sign the digest
            if (!isSigner(currentSigner)) return (false, Errors.SignerNotInCommittee); // signature is not in committee
            lastSigner = currentSigner;
        }
        return (true, Errors.NoError);
    }

    function _getEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 _messageHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", _messageHash));
    }

    // ============================================== View ==============================================
    function getSigners() public view returns (address[] memory) {
        return signerSet.values();
    }

    // compatibility with the previous version
    function signers(address _signer) public view returns (bool) {
        return isSigner(_signer);
    }

    function isSigner(address _signer) public view returns (bool) {
        return signerSet.contains(_signer);
    }

    function signerSize() public view returns (uint256) {
        return signerSet.length();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { IWorker } from "../../interfaces/IWorker.sol";
import { ILayerZeroDVN } from "./ILayerZeroDVN.sol";
import { ILayerZeroReadDVN } from "./ILayerZeroReadDVN.sol";

interface IDVN is IWorker, ILayerZeroDVN, ILayerZeroReadDVN {
    struct DstConfigParam {
        uint32 dstEid;
        uint64 gas;
        uint16 multiplierBps;
        uint128 floorMarginUSD;
    }

    struct DstConfig {
        uint64 gas;
        uint16 multiplierBps;
        uint128 floorMarginUSD; // uses priceFeed PRICE_RATIO_DENOMINATOR
    }

    event SetDstConfig(DstConfigParam[] params);

    function dstConfig(uint32 _dstEid) external view returns (uint64, uint16, uint128);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import { IDVN } from "./IDVN.sol";

interface IDVNFeeLib {
    struct FeeParams {
        address priceFeed;
        uint32 dstEid;
        uint64 confirmations;
        address sender;
        uint64 quorum;
        uint16 defaultMultiplierBps;
    }

    struct FeeParamsForRead {
        address priceFeed;
        address sender;
        uint64 quorum;
        uint16 defaultMultiplierBps;
    }

    error DVN_UnsupportedOptionType(uint8 optionType);
    error DVN_EidNotSupported(uint32 eid);
    error DVN_TimestampOutOfRange(uint32 eid, uint64 timestamp);
    error DVN_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH();

    function getFeeOnSend(
        FeeParams calldata _params,
        IDVN.DstConfig calldata _dstConfig,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external payable returns (uint256 fee);

    function getFee(
        FeeParams calldata _params,
        IDVN.DstConfig calldata _dstConfig,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function getFeeOnSend(
        FeeParamsForRead calldata _params,
        IDVN.DstConfig calldata _dstConfig,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external payable returns (uint256 fee);

    function getFee(
        FeeParamsForRead calldata _params,
        IDVN.DstConfig calldata _dstConfig,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);

    function version() external view returns (uint64 major, uint8 minor);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface ILayerZeroDVN {
    struct AssignJobParam {
        uint32 dstEid;
        bytes packetHeader;
        bytes32 payloadHash;
        uint64 confirmations;
        address sender;
    }

    // @notice query price and assign jobs at the same time
    // @param _dstEid - the destination endpoint identifier
    // @param _packetHeader - version + nonce + path
    // @param _payloadHash - hash of guid + message
    // @param _confirmations - block confirmation delay before relaying blocks
    // @param _sender - the source sending contract address
    // @param _options - options
    function assignJob(AssignJobParam calldata _param, bytes calldata _options) external payable returns (uint256 fee);

    // @notice query the dvn fee for relaying block information to the destination chain
    // @param _dstEid the destination endpoint identifier
    // @param _confirmations - block confirmation delay before relaying blocks
    // @param _sender - the source sending contract address
    // @param _options - options
    function getFee(
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint64 _confirmations,
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

interface ILayerZeroReadDVN {
    // @notice query price and assign jobs at the same time
    // @param _packetHeader - version + nonce + path
    // @param _cmd - the command to be executed to obtain the payload
    // @param _options - options
    function assignJob(
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata _packetHeader,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external payable returns (uint256 fee);

    // @notice query the dvn fee for relaying block information to the destination chain
    // @param _packetHeader - version + nonce + path
    // @param _cmd - the command to be executed to obtain the payload
    // @param _options - options
    function getFee(
        address _sender,
        bytes calldata _packetHeader,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) external view returns (uint256 fee);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

/// @dev should be implemented by the ReceiveUln302 contract and future ReceiveUln contracts on EndpointV2
interface IReceiveUlnE2 {
    /// @notice for each dvn to verify the payload
    /// @dev this function signature 0x0223536e
    function verify(bytes calldata _packetHeader, bytes32 _payloadHash, uint64 _confirmations) external;

    /// @notice verify the payload at endpoint, will check if all DVNs verified
    function commitVerification(bytes calldata _packetHeader, bytes32 _payloadHash) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { BytesLib } from "solidity-bytes-utils/contracts/BytesLib.sol";

import { BitMap256 } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/messagelib/libs/BitMaps.sol";
import { CalldataBytesLib } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/libs/CalldataBytesLib.sol";

library DVNOptions {
    using CalldataBytesLib for bytes;
    using BytesLib for bytes;

    uint8 internal constant WORKER_ID = 2;
    uint8 internal constant OPTION_TYPE_PRECRIME = 1;

    error DVN_InvalidDVNIdx();
    error DVN_InvalidDVNOptions(uint256 cursor);

    /// @dev group dvn options by its idx
    /// @param _options [dvn_id][dvn_option][dvn_id][dvn_option]...
    ///        dvn_option = [option_size][dvn_idx][option_type][option]
    ///        option_size = len(dvn_idx) + len(option_type) + len(option)
    ///        dvn_id: uint8, dvn_idx: uint8, option_size: uint16, option_type: uint8, option: bytes
    /// @return dvnOptions the grouped options, still share the same format of _options
    /// @return dvnIndices the dvn indices
    function groupDVNOptionsByIdx(
        bytes memory _options
    ) internal pure returns (bytes[] memory dvnOptions, uint8[] memory dvnIndices) {
        if (_options.length == 0) return (dvnOptions, dvnIndices);

        uint8 numDVNs = getNumDVNs(_options);

        // if there is only 1 dvn, we can just return the whole options
        if (numDVNs == 1) {
            dvnOptions = new bytes[](1);
            dvnOptions[0] = _options;

            dvnIndices = new uint8[](1);
            dvnIndices[0] = _options.toUint8(3); // dvn idx
            return (dvnOptions, dvnIndices);
        }

        // otherwise, we need to group the options by dvn_idx
        dvnIndices = new uint8[](numDVNs);
        dvnOptions = new bytes[](numDVNs);
        unchecked {
            uint256 cursor = 0;
            uint256 start = 0;
            uint8 lastDVNIdx = 255; // 255 is an invalid dvn_idx

            while (cursor < _options.length) {
                ++cursor; // skip worker_id

                // optionLength asserted in getNumDVNs (skip check)
                uint16 optionLength = _options.toUint16(cursor);
                cursor += 2;

                // dvnIdx asserted in getNumDVNs (skip check)
                uint8 dvnIdx = _options.toUint8(cursor);

                // dvnIdx must equal to the lastDVNIdx for the first option
                // so it is always skipped in the first option
                // this operation slices out options whenever the scan finds a different lastDVNIdx
                if (lastDVNIdx == 255) {
                    lastDVNIdx = dvnIdx;
                } else if (dvnIdx != lastDVNIdx) {
                    uint256 len = cursor - start - 3; // 3 is for worker_id and option_length
                    bytes memory opt = _options.slice(start, len);
                    _insertDVNOptions(dvnOptions, dvnIndices, lastDVNIdx, opt);

                    // reset the start and lastDVNIdx
                    start += len;
                    lastDVNIdx = dvnIdx;
                }

                cursor += optionLength;
            }

            // skip check the cursor here because the cursor is asserted in getNumDVNs
            // if we have reached the end of the options, we need to process the last dvn
            uint256 size = cursor - start;
            bytes memory op = _options.slice(start, size);
            _insertDVNOptions(dvnOptions, dvnIndices, lastDVNIdx, op);

            // revert dvnIndices to start from 0
            for (uint8 i = 0; i < numDVNs; ++i) {
                --dvnIndices[i];
            }
        }
    }

    function _insertDVNOptions(
        bytes[] memory _dvnOptions,
        uint8[] memory _dvnIndices,
        uint8 _dvnIdx,
        bytes memory _newOptions
    ) internal pure {
        // dvnIdx starts from 0 but default value of dvnIndices is 0,
        // so we tell if the slot is empty by adding 1 to dvnIdx
        if (_dvnIdx == 255) revert DVN_InvalidDVNIdx();
        uint8 dvnIdxAdj = _dvnIdx + 1;

        for (uint256 j = 0; j < _dvnIndices.length; ++j) {
            uint8 index = _dvnIndices[j];
            if (dvnIdxAdj == index) {
                _dvnOptions[j] = abi.encodePacked(_dvnOptions[j], _newOptions);
                break;
            } else if (index == 0) {
                // empty slot, that means it is the first time we see this dvn
                _dvnIndices[j] = dvnIdxAdj;
                _dvnOptions[j] = _newOptions;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev get the number of unique dvns
    /// @param _options the format is the same as groupDVNOptionsByIdx
    function getNumDVNs(bytes memory _options) internal pure returns (uint8 numDVNs) {
        uint256 cursor = 0;
        BitMap256 bitmap;

        // find number of unique dvn_idx
        unchecked {
            while (cursor < _options.length) {
                ++cursor; // skip worker_id

                uint16 optionLength = _options.toUint16(cursor);
                cursor += 2;
                if (optionLength < 2) revert DVN_InvalidDVNOptions(cursor); // at least 1 byte for dvn_idx and 1 byte for option_type

                uint8 dvnIdx = _options.toUint8(cursor);

                // if dvnIdx is not set, increment numDVNs
                // max num of dvns is 255, 255 is an invalid dvn_idx
                // The order of the dvnIdx is not required to be sequential, as enforcing the order may weaken
                // the composability of the options. e.g. if we refrain from enforcing the order, an OApp that has
                // already enforced certain options can append additional options to the end of the enforced
                // ones without restrictions.
                if (dvnIdx == 255) revert DVN_InvalidDVNIdx();
                if (!bitmap.get(dvnIdx)) {
                    ++numDVNs;
                    bitmap = bitmap.set(dvnIdx);
                }

                cursor += optionLength;
            }
        }
        if (cursor != _options.length) revert DVN_InvalidDVNOptions(cursor);
    }

    /// @dev decode the next dvn option from _options starting from the specified cursor
    /// @param _options the format is the same as groupDVNOptionsByIdx
    /// @param _cursor the cursor to start decoding
    /// @return optionType the type of the option
    /// @return option the option
    /// @return cursor the cursor to start decoding the next option
    function nextDVNOption(
        bytes calldata _options,
        uint256 _cursor
    ) internal pure returns (uint8 optionType, bytes calldata option, uint256 cursor) {
        unchecked {
            // skip worker id
            cursor = _cursor + 1;

            // read option size
            uint16 size = _options.toU16(cursor);
            cursor += 2;

            // read option type
            optionType = _options.toU8(cursor + 1); // skip dvn_idx

            // startCursor and endCursor are used to slice the option from _options
            uint256 startCursor = cursor + 2; // skip option type and dvn_idx
            uint256 endCursor = cursor + size;
            option = _options[startCursor:endCursor];
            cursor += size;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { SafeCast } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";

import { ExecutorOptions } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/messagelib/libs/ExecutorOptions.sol";

import { DVNOptions } from "./DVNOptions.sol";

library UlnOptions {
    using SafeCast for uint256;

    uint16 internal constant TYPE_1 = 1; // legacy options type 1
    uint16 internal constant TYPE_2 = 2; // legacy options type 2
    uint16 internal constant TYPE_3 = 3;

    error LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerOptions(uint256 cursor);
    error LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerId(uint8 workerId);
    error LZ_ULN_InvalidLegacyType1Option();
    error LZ_ULN_InvalidLegacyType2Option();
    error LZ_ULN_UnsupportedOptionType(uint16 optionType);

    /// @dev decode the options into executorOptions and dvnOptions
    /// @param _options the options can be either legacy options (type 1 or 2) or type 3 options
    /// @return executorOptions the executor options, share the same format of type 3 options
    /// @return dvnOptions the dvn options, share the same format of type 3 options
    function decode(
        bytes calldata _options
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory executorOptions, bytes memory dvnOptions) {
        // at least 2 bytes for the option type, but can have no options
        if (_options.length < 2) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerOptions(0);

        uint16 optionsType = uint16(bytes2(_options[0:2]));
        uint256 cursor = 2;

        // type3 options: [worker_option][worker_option]...
        // worker_option: [worker_id][option_size][option]
        // worker_id: uint8, option_size: uint16, option: bytes
        if (optionsType == TYPE_3) {
            unchecked {
                uint256 start = cursor;
                uint8 lastWorkerId; // worker_id starts from 1, so 0 is an invalid worker_id

                // heuristic: we assume that the options are mostly EXECUTOR options only
                // checking the workerID can reduce gas usage for most cases
                while (cursor < _options.length) {
                    uint8 workerId = uint8(bytes1(_options[cursor:cursor + 1]));
                    if (workerId == 0) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerId(0);

                    // workerId must equal to the lastWorkerId for the first option
                    // so it is always skipped in the first option
                    // this operation slices out options whenever the the scan finds a different workerId
                    if (lastWorkerId == 0) {
                        lastWorkerId = workerId;
                    } else if (workerId != lastWorkerId) {
                        bytes calldata op = _options[start:cursor]; // slice out the last worker's options
                        (executorOptions, dvnOptions) = _insertWorkerOptions(
                            executorOptions,
                            dvnOptions,
                            lastWorkerId,
                            op
                        );

                        // reset the start cursor and lastWorkerId
                        start = cursor;
                        lastWorkerId = workerId;
                    }

                    ++cursor; // for workerId

                    uint16 size = uint16(bytes2(_options[cursor:cursor + 2]));
                    if (size == 0) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerOptions(cursor);
                    cursor += size + 2;
                }

                // the options length must be the same as the cursor at the end
                if (cursor != _options.length) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerOptions(cursor);

                // if we have reached the end of the options and the options are not empty
                // we need to process the last worker's options
                if (_options.length > 2) {
                    bytes calldata op = _options[start:cursor];
                    (executorOptions, dvnOptions) = _insertWorkerOptions(executorOptions, dvnOptions, lastWorkerId, op);
                }
            }
        } else {
            executorOptions = decodeLegacyOptions(optionsType, _options);
        }
    }

    function _insertWorkerOptions(
        bytes memory _executorOptions,
        bytes memory _dvnOptions,
        uint8 _workerId,
        bytes calldata _newOptions
    ) private pure returns (bytes memory, bytes memory) {
        if (_workerId == ExecutorOptions.WORKER_ID) {
            _executorOptions = _executorOptions.length == 0
                ? _newOptions
                : abi.encodePacked(_executorOptions, _newOptions);
        } else if (_workerId == DVNOptions.WORKER_ID) {
            _dvnOptions = _dvnOptions.length == 0 ? _newOptions : abi.encodePacked(_dvnOptions, _newOptions);
        } else {
            revert LZ_ULN_InvalidWorkerId(_workerId);
        }
        return (_executorOptions, _dvnOptions);
    }

    /// @dev decode the legacy options (type 1 or 2) into executorOptions
    /// @param _optionType the legacy option type
    /// @param _options the legacy options, which still has the option type in the first 2 bytes
    /// @return executorOptions the executor options, share the same format of type 3 options
    /// Data format:
    /// legacy type 1: [extraGas]
    /// legacy type 2: [extraGas][dstNativeAmt][dstNativeAddress]
    /// extraGas: uint256, dstNativeAmt: uint256, dstNativeAddress: bytes
    function decodeLegacyOptions(
        uint16 _optionType,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory executorOptions) {
        if (_optionType == TYPE_1) {
            if (_options.length != 34) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidLegacyType1Option();

            // execution gas
            uint128 executionGas = uint256(bytes32(_options[2:2 + 32])).toUint128();

            // dont use the encode function in the ExecutorOptions lib for saving gas by calling abi.encodePacked once
            // the result is a lzReceive option: [executor_id][option_size][option_type][execution_gas]
            // option_type: uint8, execution_gas: uint128
            // option_size = len(option_type) + len(execution_gas) = 1 + 16 = 17
            executorOptions = abi.encodePacked(
                ExecutorOptions.WORKER_ID,
                uint16(17), // 16 + 1, 16 for option_length, + 1 for option_type
                ExecutorOptions.OPTION_TYPE_LZRECEIVE,
                executionGas
            );
        } else if (_optionType == TYPE_2) {
            // receiver size <= 32
            if (_options.length <= 66 || _options.length > 98) revert LZ_ULN_InvalidLegacyType2Option();

            // execution gas
            uint128 executionGas = uint256(bytes32(_options[2:2 + 32])).toUint128();

            // nativeDrop (amount + receiver)
            uint128 amount = uint256(bytes32(_options[34:34 + 32])).toUint128(); // offset 2 + 32
            bytes32 receiver;
            unchecked {
                uint256 receiverLen = _options.length - 66; // offset 2 + 32 + 32
                receiver = bytes32(_options[66:]);
                receiver = receiver >> (8 * (32 - receiverLen)); // padding 0 to the left
            }

            // dont use the encode function in the ExecutorOptions lib for saving gas by calling abi.encodePacked once
            // the result has one lzReceive option and one nativeDrop option:
            //      [executor_id][lzReceive_option_size][option_type][execution_gas] +
            //      [executor_id][nativeDrop_option_size][option_type][nativeDrop_amount][receiver]
            // option_type: uint8, execution_gas: uint128, nativeDrop_amount: uint128, receiver: bytes32
            // lzReceive_option_size = len(option_type) + len(execution_gas) = 1 + 16 = 17
            // nativeDrop_option_size = len(option_type) + len(nativeDrop_amount) + len(receiver) = 1 + 16 + 32 = 49
            executorOptions = abi.encodePacked(
                ExecutorOptions.WORKER_ID,
                uint16(17), // 16 + 1, 16 for option_length, + 1 for option_type
                ExecutorOptions.OPTION_TYPE_LZRECEIVE,
                executionGas,
                ExecutorOptions.WORKER_ID,
                uint16(49), // 48 + 1, 32 + 16 for option_length, + 1 for option_type
                ExecutorOptions.OPTION_TYPE_NATIVE_DROP,
                amount,
                receiver
            );
        } else {
            revert LZ_ULN_UnsupportedOptionType(_optionType);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { ERC165, IERC165 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

import { ILayerZeroEndpointV2, MessagingFee, Origin } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/ILayerZeroEndpointV2.sol";
import { IMessageLib, MessageLibType, SetConfigParam } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/IMessageLib.sol";
import { ISendLib, Packet } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/interfaces/ISendLib.sol";
import { PacketV1Codec } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/messagelib/libs/PacketV1Codec.sol";
import { Transfer } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/libs/Transfer.sol";
import { AddressCast } from "@layerzerolabs/lz-evm-protocol-v2/contracts/libs/AddressCast.sol";

import { ILayerZeroReadExecutor } from "../../interfaces/ILayerZeroReadExecutor.sol";
import { ILayerZeroReadDVN } from "../interfaces/ILayerZeroReadDVN.sol";
import { ILayerZeroTreasury } from "../../interfaces/ILayerZeroTreasury.sol";

import { UlnOptions } from "../libs/UlnOptions.sol";
import { DVNOptions } from "../libs/DVNOptions.sol";
import { SafeCall } from "../../libs/SafeCall.sol";

import { MessageLibBase } from "../../MessageLibBase.sol";
import { ReadLibBase, ReadLibConfig } from "./ReadLibBase.sol";

contract ReadLib1002 is ISendLib, ERC165, ReadLibBase, MessageLibBase {
    using PacketV1Codec for bytes;
    using SafeCall for address;

    uint32 internal constant CONFIG_TYPE_READ_LID_CONFIG = 1;

    uint16 internal constant TREASURY_MAX_COPY = 32;

    uint256 internal immutable treasuryGasLimit;

    mapping(address oapp => mapping(uint32 eid => mapping(uint64 nonce => bytes32 cmdHash))) public cmdHashLookup;
    mapping(bytes32 headerHash => mapping(bytes32 cmdHash => mapping(address dvn => bytes32 payloadHash)))
        public hashLookup;

    // accumulated fees for workers and treasury
    mapping(address worker => uint256 fee) public fees;
    uint256 internal treasuryNativeFeeCap;
    address internal treasury;

    event PayloadVerified(address dvn, bytes header, bytes32 cmdHash, bytes32 payloadHash);
    event ExecutorFeePaid(address executor, uint256 fee);
    event DVNFeePaid(address[] requiredDVNs, address[] optionalDVNs, uint256[] fees);
    event NativeFeeWithdrawn(address worker, address receiver, uint256 amount);
    event LzTokenFeeWithdrawn(address lzToken, address receiver, uint256 amount);
    event TreasurySet(address treasury);
    event TreasuryNativeFeeCapSet(uint256 newTreasuryNativeFeeCap);

    error LZ_RL_InvalidReceiver();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidPacketHeader();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidCmdHash();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidPacketVersion();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidEid();
    error LZ_RL_Verifying();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidConfigType(uint32 configType);
    error LZ_RL_InvalidAmount(uint256 requested, uint256 available);
    error LZ_RL_NotTreasury();
    error LZ_RL_CannotWithdrawAltToken();

    constructor(
        address _endpoint,
        uint256 _treasuryGasLimit,
        uint256 _treasuryGasForFeeCap
    ) MessageLibBase(_endpoint, ILayerZeroEndpointV2(_endpoint).eid()) {
        treasuryGasLimit = _treasuryGasLimit;
        treasuryNativeFeeCap = _treasuryGasForFeeCap;
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) public view override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            _interfaceId == type(IMessageLib).interfaceId ||
            _interfaceId == type(ISendLib).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    // ============================ OnlyOwner ===================================

    function setTreasury(address _treasury) external onlyOwner {
        treasury = _treasury;
        emit TreasurySet(_treasury);
    }

    /// @dev the new value can not be greater than the old value, i.e. down only
    function setTreasuryNativeFeeCap(uint256 _newTreasuryNativeFeeCap) external onlyOwner {
        // assert the new value is no greater than the old value
        if (_newTreasuryNativeFeeCap > treasuryNativeFeeCap)
            revert LZ_RL_InvalidAmount(_newTreasuryNativeFeeCap, treasuryNativeFeeCap);
        treasuryNativeFeeCap = _newTreasuryNativeFeeCap;
        emit TreasuryNativeFeeCapSet(_newTreasuryNativeFeeCap);
    }

    // ============================ OnlyEndpoint ===================================

    function send(
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes calldata _options,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external onlyEndpoint returns (MessagingFee memory, bytes memory) {
        // the receiver must be the same as the sender
        if (AddressCast.toBytes32(_packet.sender) != _packet.receiver) revert LZ_RL_InvalidReceiver();

        // pay worker and treasury
        (bytes memory encodedPacket, uint256 totalNativeFee) = _payWorkers(_packet, _options);
        (uint256 treasuryNativeFee, uint256 lzTokenFee) = _payTreasury(
            _packet.sender,
            _packet.dstEid,
            totalNativeFee,
            _payInLzToken
        );
        totalNativeFee += treasuryNativeFee;

        // store the cmdHash for verification in order to prevent reorg attack
        cmdHashLookup[_packet.sender][_packet.dstEid][_packet.nonce] = keccak256(_packet.message);

        return (MessagingFee(totalNativeFee, lzTokenFee), encodedPacket);
    }

    function setConfig(address _oapp, SetConfigParam[] calldata _params) external onlyEndpoint {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _params.length; i++) {
            SetConfigParam calldata param = _params[i];
            _assertSupportedEid(param.eid);
            if (param.configType == CONFIG_TYPE_READ_LID_CONFIG) {
                _setReadLibConfig(param.eid, _oapp, abi.decode(param.config, (ReadLibConfig)));
            } else {
                revert LZ_RL_InvalidConfigType(param.configType);
            }
        }
    }

    // ============================ External ===================================
    /// @dev The verification will be done in the same chain where the packet is sent.
    /// @dev dont need to check endpoint verifiable here to save gas, as it will reverts if not verifiable.
    /// @param _packetHeader - the srcEid should be the localEid and the dstEid should be the channel id.
    ///        The original packet header in PacketSent event should be processed to flip the srcEid and dstEid.
    function commitVerification(bytes calldata _packetHeader, bytes32 _cmdHash, bytes32 _payloadHash) external {
        // assert packet header is of right size 81
        if (_packetHeader.length != 81) revert LZ_RL_InvalidPacketHeader();
        // assert packet header version is the same
        if (_packetHeader.version() != PacketV1Codec.PACKET_VERSION) revert LZ_RL_InvalidPacketVersion();
        // assert the packet is for this endpoint
        if (_packetHeader.dstEid() != localEid) revert LZ_RL_InvalidEid();

        // cache these values to save gas
        address receiver = _packetHeader.receiverB20();
        uint32 srcEid = _packetHeader.srcEid(); // channel id
        uint64 nonce = _packetHeader.nonce();

        // reorg protection. to allow reverification, the cmdHash cant be removed
        if (cmdHashLookup[receiver][srcEid][nonce] != _cmdHash) revert LZ_RL_InvalidCmdHash();

        ReadLibConfig memory config = getReadLibConfig(receiver, srcEid);
        _verifyAndReclaimStorage(config, keccak256(_packetHeader), _cmdHash, _payloadHash);

        // endpoint will revert if nonce <= lazyInboundNonce
        Origin memory origin = Origin(srcEid, _packetHeader.sender(), nonce);
        ILayerZeroEndpointV2(endpoint).verify(origin, receiver, _payloadHash);
    }

    /// @dev DVN verifies the payload with the packet header and command hash
    /// @param _packetHeader - the packet header is needed for event only, which can be conveniently for off-chain to track the packet state.
    function verify(bytes calldata _packetHeader, bytes32 _cmdHash, bytes32 _payloadHash) external {
        hashLookup[keccak256(_packetHeader)][_cmdHash][msg.sender] = _payloadHash;
        emit PayloadVerified(msg.sender, _packetHeader, _cmdHash, _payloadHash);
    }

    function withdrawFee(address _to, uint256 _amount) external {
        uint256 fee = fees[msg.sender];
        if (_amount > fee) revert LZ_RL_InvalidAmount(_amount, fee);
        unchecked {
            fees[msg.sender] = fee - _amount;
        }

        // transfers native if nativeToken == address(0x0)
        address nativeToken = ILayerZeroEndpointV2(endpoint).nativeToken();
        Transfer.nativeOrToken(nativeToken, _to, _amount);
        emit NativeFeeWithdrawn(msg.sender, _to, _amount);
    }

    // ============================ Treasury ===================================

    /// @dev _lzToken is a user-supplied value because lzToken might change in the endpoint before all lzToken can be taken out
    function withdrawLzTokenFee(address _lzToken, address _to, uint256 _amount) external {
        if (msg.sender != treasury) revert LZ_RL_NotTreasury();

        // lz token cannot be the same as the native token
        if (ILayerZeroEndpointV2(endpoint).nativeToken() == _lzToken) revert LZ_RL_CannotWithdrawAltToken();

        Transfer.token(_lzToken, _to, _amount);

        emit LzTokenFeeWithdrawn(_lzToken, _to, _amount);
    }

    // ============================ View ===================================

    function quote(
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes calldata _options,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) external view returns (MessagingFee memory) {
        // split workers options
        (bytes memory executorOptions, bytes memory dvnOptions) = UlnOptions.decode(_options);

        address sender = _packet.sender;
        uint32 dstEid = _packet.dstEid;

        // quote the executor and dvns
        ReadLibConfig memory config = getReadLibConfig(sender, dstEid);
        uint256 nativeFee = _quoteDVNs(
            config,
            sender,
            PacketV1Codec.encodePacketHeader(_packet),
            _packet.message,
            dvnOptions
        );
        nativeFee += ILayerZeroReadExecutor(config.executor).getFee(sender, executorOptions);

        // quote treasury
        (uint256 treasuryNativeFee, uint256 lzTokenFee) = _quoteTreasury(sender, dstEid, nativeFee, _payInLzToken);
        nativeFee += treasuryNativeFee;

        return MessagingFee(nativeFee, lzTokenFee);
    }

    function verifiable(
        ReadLibConfig calldata _config,
        bytes32 _headerHash,
        bytes32 _cmdHash,
        bytes32 _payloadHash
    ) external view returns (bool) {
        return _checkVerifiable(_config, _headerHash, _cmdHash, _payloadHash);
    }

    function getConfig(uint32 _eid, address _oapp, uint32 _configType) external view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (_configType == CONFIG_TYPE_READ_LID_CONFIG) {
            return abi.encode(getReadLibConfig(_oapp, _eid));
        } else {
            revert LZ_RL_InvalidConfigType(_configType);
        }
    }

    function getTreasuryAndNativeFeeCap() external view returns (address, uint256) {
        return (treasury, treasuryNativeFeeCap);
    }

    function isSupportedEid(uint32 _eid) external view returns (bool) {
        return _isSupportedEid(_eid);
    }

    function messageLibType() external pure returns (MessageLibType) {
        return MessageLibType.SendAndReceive;
    }

    function version() external pure returns (uint64 major, uint8 minor, uint8 endpointVersion) {
        return (10, 0, 2);
    }

    // ============================ Internal ===================================

    /// 1/ handle executor
    /// 2/ handle other workers
    function _payWorkers(
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes calldata _options
    ) internal returns (bytes memory encodedPacket, uint256 totalNativeFee) {
        // split workers options
        (bytes memory executorOptions, bytes memory dvnOptions) = UlnOptions.decode(_options);

        // handle executor
        ReadLibConfig memory config = getReadLibConfig(_packet.sender, _packet.dstEid);
        totalNativeFee = _payExecutor(config.executor, _packet.sender, executorOptions);

        // handle dvns
        (uint256 dvnFee, bytes memory packetBytes) = _payDVNs(config, _packet, dvnOptions);
        totalNativeFee += dvnFee;

        encodedPacket = packetBytes;
    }

    function _payDVNs(
        ReadLibConfig memory _config,
        Packet calldata _packet,
        bytes memory _options
    ) internal returns (uint256 totalFee, bytes memory encodedPacket) {
        bytes memory packetHeader = PacketV1Codec.encodePacketHeader(_packet);
        bytes memory payload = PacketV1Codec.encodePayload(_packet);

        uint256[] memory dvnFees;
        (totalFee, dvnFees) = _assignDVNJobs(_config, _packet.sender, packetHeader, _packet.message, _options);

        encodedPacket = abi.encodePacked(packetHeader, payload);
        emit DVNFeePaid(_config.requiredDVNs, _config.optionalDVNs, dvnFees);
    }

    function _assignDVNJobs(
        ReadLibConfig memory _config,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _packetHeader,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes memory _options
    ) internal returns (uint256 totalFee, uint256[] memory dvnFees) {
        (bytes[] memory optionsArray, uint8[] memory dvnIds) = DVNOptions.groupDVNOptionsByIdx(_options);

        uint8 dvnsLength = _config.requiredDVNCount + _config.optionalDVNCount;
        dvnFees = new uint256[](dvnsLength);
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < dvnsLength; ++i) {
            address dvn = i < _config.requiredDVNCount
                ? _config.requiredDVNs[i]
                : _config.optionalDVNs[i - _config.requiredDVNCount];

            bytes memory options = "";
            for (uint256 j = 0; j < dvnIds.length; ++j) {
                if (dvnIds[j] == i) {
                    options = optionsArray[j];
                    break;
                }
            }

            dvnFees[i] = ILayerZeroReadDVN(dvn).assignJob(_sender, _packetHeader, _cmd, options);
            if (dvnFees[i] > 0) {
                fees[dvn] += dvnFees[i];
                totalFee += dvnFees[i];
            }
        }
    }

    function _quoteDVNs(
        ReadLibConfig memory _config,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _packetHeader,
        bytes calldata _cmd,
        bytes memory _options
    ) internal view returns (uint256 totalFee) {
        (bytes[] memory optionsArray, uint8[] memory dvnIndices) = DVNOptions.groupDVNOptionsByIdx(_options);

        // here we merge 2 list of dvns into 1 to allocate the indexed dvn options to the right dvn
        uint8 dvnsLength = _config.requiredDVNCount + _config.optionalDVNCount;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < dvnsLength; ++i) {
            address dvn = i < _config.requiredDVNCount
                ? _config.requiredDVNs[i]
                : _config.optionalDVNs[i - _config.requiredDVNCount];

            bytes memory options = "";
            // it is a double loop here. however, if the list is short, the cost is very acceptable.
            for (uint256 j = 0; j < dvnIndices.length; ++j) {
                if (dvnIndices[j] == i) {
                    options = optionsArray[j];
                    break;
                }
            }
            totalFee += ILayerZeroReadDVN(dvn).getFee(_sender, _packetHeader, _cmd, options);
        }
    }

    function _payTreasury(
        address _sender,
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint256 _totalNativeFee,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) internal returns (uint256 treasuryNativeFee, uint256 lzTokenFee) {
        if (treasury != address(0x0)) {
            bytes memory callData = abi.encodeCall(
                ILayerZeroTreasury.payFee,
                (_sender, _dstEid, _totalNativeFee, _payInLzToken)
            );
            (bool success, bytes memory result) = treasury.safeCall(treasuryGasLimit, 0, TREASURY_MAX_COPY, callData);

            (treasuryNativeFee, lzTokenFee) = _parseTreasuryResult(_totalNativeFee, _payInLzToken, success, result);
            // fee should be in lzTokenFee if payInLzToken, otherwise in native
            if (treasuryNativeFee > 0) {
                fees[treasury] += treasuryNativeFee;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev this interface should be DoS-free if the user is paying with native. properties
    /// 1/ treasury can return an overly high lzToken fee
    /// 2/ if treasury returns an overly high native fee, it will be capped by maxNativeFee,
    ///    which can be reasoned with the configurations
    /// 3/ the owner can not configure the treasury in a way that force this function to revert
    function _quoteTreasury(
        address _sender,
        uint32 _dstEid,
        uint256 _totalNativeFee,
        bool _payInLzToken
    ) internal view returns (uint256 nativeFee, uint256 lzTokenFee) {
        // treasury must be set, and it has to be a contract
        if (treasury != address(0x0)) {
            bytes memory callData = abi.encodeCall(
                ILayerZeroTreasury.getFee,
                (_sender, _dstEid, _totalNativeFee, _payInLzToken)
            );
            (bool success, bytes memory result) = treasury.safeStaticCall(
                treasuryGasLimit,
                TREASURY_MAX_COPY,
                callData
            );

            return _parseTreasuryResult(_totalNativeFee, _payInLzToken, success, result);
        }
    }

    function _parseTreasuryResult(
        uint256 _totalNativeFee,
        bool _payInLzToken,
        bool _success,
        bytes memory _result
    ) internal view returns (uint256 nativeFee, uint256 lzTokenFee) {
        // failure, charges nothing
        if (!_success || _result.length < TREASURY_MAX_COPY) return (0, 0);

        // parse the result
        uint256 treasureFeeQuote = abi.decode(_result, (uint256));
        if (_payInLzToken) {
            lzTokenFee = treasureFeeQuote;
        } else {
            // pay in native
            // we must prevent high-treasuryFee Dos attack
            // nativeFee = min(treasureFeeQuote, maxNativeFee)
            // opportunistically raise the maxNativeFee to be the same as _totalNativeFee
            // can't use the _totalNativeFee alone because the oapp can use custom workers to force the fee to 0.
            // maxNativeFee = max (_totalNativeFee, treasuryNativeFeeCap)
            uint256 maxNativeFee = _totalNativeFee > treasuryNativeFeeCap ? _totalNativeFee : treasuryNativeFeeCap;

            // min (treasureFeeQuote, nativeFeeCap)
            nativeFee = treasureFeeQuote > maxNativeFee ? maxNativeFee : treasureFeeQuote;
        }
    }

    function _verifyAndReclaimStorage(
        ReadLibConfig memory _config,
        bytes32 _headerHash,
        bytes32 _cmdHash,
        bytes32 _payloadHash
    ) internal {
        if (!_checkVerifiable(_config, _headerHash, _cmdHash, _payloadHash)) {
            revert LZ_RL_Verifying();
        }

        // iterate the required DVNs
        if (_config.requiredDVNCount > 0) {
            for (uint8 i = 0; i < _config.requiredDVNCount; ++i) {
                delete hashLookup[_headerHash][_cmdHash][_config.requiredDVNs[i]];
            }
        }

        // iterate the optional DVNs
        if (_config.optionalDVNCount > 0) {
            for (uint8 i = 0; i < _config.optionalDVNCount; ++i) {
                delete hashLookup[_headerHash][_cmdHash][_config.optionalDVNs[i]];
            }
        }
    }

    /// @dev for verifiable view function
    /// @dev checks if this verification is ready to be committed to the endpoint
    function _checkVerifiable(
        ReadLibConfig memory _config,
        bytes32 _headerHash,
        bytes32 _cmdHash,
        bytes32 _payloadHash
    ) internal view returns (bool) {
        // iterate the required DVNs
        if (_config.requiredDVNCount > 0) {
            for (uint8 i = 0; i < _config.requiredDVNCount; ++i) {
                if (!_verified(_config.requiredDVNs[i], _headerHash, _cmdHash, _payloadHash)) {
                    // return if any of the required DVNs haven't signed
                    return false;
                }
            }
            if (_config.optionalDVNCount == 0) {
                // returns early if all required DVNs have signed and there are no optional DVNs
                return true;
            }
        }

        // then it must require optional validations
        uint8 threshold = _config.optionalDVNThreshold;
        for (uint8 i = 0; i < _config.optionalDVNCount; ++i) {
            if (_verified(_config.optionalDVNs[i], _headerHash, _cmdHash, _payloadHash)) {
                // increment the optional count if the optional DVN has signed
                threshold--;
                if (threshold == 0) {
                    // early return if the optional threshold has hit
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        // return false as a catch-all
        return false;
    }

    function _verified(
        address _dvn,
        bytes32 _headerHash,
        bytes32 _cmdHash,
        bytes32 _expectedPayloadHash
    ) internal view returns (bool verified) {
        verified = hashLookup[_headerHash][_cmdHash][_dvn] == _expectedPayloadHash;
    }

    function _payExecutor(
        address _executor,
        address _sender,
        bytes memory _executorOptions
    ) internal returns (uint256 executorFee) {
        executorFee = ILayerZeroReadExecutor(_executor).assignJob(_sender, _executorOptions);
        if (executorFee > 0) {
            fees[_executor] += executorFee;
        }
        emit ExecutorFeePaid(_executor, executorFee);
    }

    receive() external payable {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: LZBL-1.2

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import { Ownable } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";

struct ReadLibConfig {
    address executor;
    // we store the length of required DVNs and optional DVNs instead of using DVN.length directly to save gas
    uint8 requiredDVNCount; // 0 indicate DEFAULT, NIL_DVN_COUNT indicate NONE (to override the value of default)
    uint8 optionalDVNCount; // 0 indicate DEFAULT, NIL_DVN_COUNT indicate NONE (to override the value of default)
    uint8 optionalDVNThreshold; // (0, optionalDVNCount]
    address[] requiredDVNs; // no duplicates. sorted an an ascending order. allowed overlap with optionalDVNs
    address[] optionalDVNs; // no duplicates. sorted an an ascending order. allowed overlap with requiredDVNs
}

struct SetDefaultReadLibConfigParam {
    uint32 eid;
    ReadLibConfig config;
}

/// @dev includes the utility functions for checking ReadLib states and logics
abstract contract ReadLibBase is Ownable {
    address internal constant DEFAULT_CONFIG = address(0);
    // reserved values for
    uint8 internal constant DEFAULT = 0;
    uint8 internal constant NIL_DVN_COUNT = type(uint8).max;
    // 127 to prevent total number of DVNs (127 * 2) exceeding uint8.max (255)
    // by limiting the total size, it would help constraint the design of DVNOptions
    uint8 private constant MAX_COUNT = (type(uint8).max - 1) / 2;

    mapping(address oapp => mapping(uint32 eid => ReadLibConfig config)) internal readLibConfigs;

    error LZ_RL_Unsorted();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidRequiredDVNCount();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNCount();
    error LZ_RL_AtLeastOneDVN();
    error LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNThreshold();
    error LZ_RL_UnsupportedEid(uint32 eid);
    error LZ_RL_InvalidExecutor();

    event DefaultReadLibConfigsSet(SetDefaultReadLibConfigParam[] params);
    event ReadLibConfigSet(address oapp, uint32 eid, ReadLibConfig config);

    // ============================ OnlyOwner ===================================

    /// @dev about the DEFAULT ReadLib config
    /// 1) its values are all LITERAL (e.g. 0 is 0). whereas in the oapp ReadLib config, 0 (default value) points to the default ReadLib config
    ///     this design enables the oapp to point to DEFAULT config without explicitly setting the config
    /// 2) its configuration is more restrictive than the oapp ReadLib config that
    ///     a) it must not use NIL value, where NIL is used only by oapps to indicate the LITERAL 0
    ///     b) it must have at least one DVN and executor
    function setDefaultReadLibConfigs(SetDefaultReadLibConfigParam[] calldata _params) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _params.length; ++i) {
            SetDefaultReadLibConfigParam calldata param = _params[i];

            // 2.a must not use NIL
            if (param.config.requiredDVNCount == NIL_DVN_COUNT) revert LZ_RL_InvalidRequiredDVNCount();
            if (param.config.optionalDVNCount == NIL_DVN_COUNT) revert LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNCount();

            // 2.b must have at least one dvn and executor
            _assertAtLeastOneDVN(param.config);
            if (param.config.executor == address(0x0)) revert LZ_RL_InvalidExecutor();

            _setConfig(DEFAULT_CONFIG, param.eid, param.config);
        }
        emit DefaultReadLibConfigsSet(_params);
    }

    // ============================ View ===================================
    // @dev assuming most oapps use default, we get default as memory and custom as storage to save gas
    function getReadLibConfig(address _oapp, uint32 _remoteEid) public view returns (ReadLibConfig memory rtnConfig) {
        ReadLibConfig storage defaultConfig = readLibConfigs[DEFAULT_CONFIG][_remoteEid];
        ReadLibConfig storage customConfig = readLibConfigs[_oapp][_remoteEid];

        address executor = customConfig.executor;
        rtnConfig.executor = executor != address(0x0) ? executor : defaultConfig.executor;

        if (customConfig.requiredDVNCount == DEFAULT) {
            if (defaultConfig.requiredDVNCount > 0) {
                // copy only if count > 0. save gas
                rtnConfig.requiredDVNs = defaultConfig.requiredDVNs;
                rtnConfig.requiredDVNCount = defaultConfig.requiredDVNCount;
            } // else, do nothing
        } else {
            if (customConfig.requiredDVNCount != NIL_DVN_COUNT) {
                rtnConfig.requiredDVNs = customConfig.requiredDVNs;
                rtnConfig.requiredDVNCount = customConfig.requiredDVNCount;
            } // else, do nothing
        }

        if (customConfig.optionalDVNCount == DEFAULT) {
            if (defaultConfig.optionalDVNCount > 0) {
                // copy only if count > 0. save gas
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNs = defaultConfig.optionalDVNs;
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNCount = defaultConfig.optionalDVNCount;
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNThreshold = defaultConfig.optionalDVNThreshold;
            }
        } else {
            if (customConfig.optionalDVNCount != NIL_DVN_COUNT) {
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNs = customConfig.optionalDVNs;
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNCount = customConfig.optionalDVNCount;
                rtnConfig.optionalDVNThreshold = customConfig.optionalDVNThreshold;
            }
        }

        // the final value must have at least one dvn
        // it is possible that some default config result into 0 dvns
        _assertAtLeastOneDVN(rtnConfig);
    }

    /// @dev Get the readLib config without the default config for the given remoteEid.
    function getAppReadLibConfig(address _oapp, uint32 _remoteEid) external view returns (ReadLibConfig memory) {
        return readLibConfigs[_oapp][_remoteEid];
    }

    // ============================ Internal ===================================
    function _setReadLibConfig(uint32 _remoteEid, address _oapp, ReadLibConfig memory _param) internal {
        _setConfig(_oapp, _remoteEid, _param);

        // get ReadLib config again as a catch all to ensure the config is valid
        getReadLibConfig(_oapp, _remoteEid);
        emit ReadLibConfigSet(_oapp, _remoteEid, _param);
    }

    /// @dev a supported Eid must have a valid default readLib config, which has at least one dvn
    function _isSupportedEid(uint32 _remoteEid) internal view returns (bool) {
        ReadLibConfig storage defaultConfig = readLibConfigs[DEFAULT_CONFIG][_remoteEid];
        return defaultConfig.requiredDVNCount > 0 || defaultConfig.optionalDVNThreshold > 0;
    }

    function _assertSupportedEid(uint32 _remoteEid) internal view {
        if (!_isSupportedEid(_remoteEid)) revert LZ_RL_UnsupportedEid(_remoteEid);
    }

    // ============================ Private ===================================

    function _assertAtLeastOneDVN(ReadLibConfig memory _config) private pure {
        if (_config.requiredDVNCount == 0 && _config.optionalDVNThreshold == 0) revert LZ_RL_AtLeastOneDVN();
    }

    /// @dev this private function is used in both setDefaultReadLibConfigs and setReadLibConfig
    function _setConfig(address _oapp, uint32 _eid, ReadLibConfig memory _param) private {
        // @dev required dvns
        // if dvnCount == NONE, dvns list must be empty
        // if dvnCount == DEFAULT, dvn list must be empty
        // otherwise, dvnList.length == dvnCount and assert the list is valid
        if (_param.requiredDVNCount == NIL_DVN_COUNT || _param.requiredDVNCount == DEFAULT) {
            if (_param.requiredDVNs.length != 0) revert LZ_RL_InvalidRequiredDVNCount();
        } else {
            if (_param.requiredDVNs.length != _param.requiredDVNCount || _param.requiredDVNCount > MAX_COUNT)
                revert LZ_RL_InvalidRequiredDVNCount();
            _assertNoDuplicates(_param.requiredDVNs);
        }

        // @dev optional dvns
        // if optionalDVNCount == NONE, optionalDVNs list must be empty and threshold must be 0
        // if optionalDVNCount == DEFAULT, optionalDVNs list must be empty and threshold must be 0
        // otherwise, optionalDVNs.length == optionalDVNCount, threshold > 0 && threshold <= optionalDVNCount and assert the list is valid

        // example use case: an oapp uses the DEFAULT 'required' but
        //     a) use a custom 1/1 dvn (practically a required dvn), or
        //     b) use a custom 2/3 dvn
        if (_param.optionalDVNCount == NIL_DVN_COUNT || _param.optionalDVNCount == DEFAULT) {
            if (_param.optionalDVNs.length != 0) revert LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNCount();
            if (_param.optionalDVNThreshold != 0) revert LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNThreshold();
        } else {
            if (_param.optionalDVNs.length != _param.optionalDVNCount || _param.optionalDVNCount > MAX_COUNT)
                revert LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNCount();
            if (_param.optionalDVNThreshold == 0 || _param.optionalDVNThreshold > _param.optionalDVNCount)
                revert LZ_RL_InvalidOptionalDVNThreshold();
            _assertNoDuplicates(_param.optionalDVNs);
        }
        // don't assert valid count here, as it needs to be validated along side default config

        readLibConfigs[_oapp][_eid] = _param;
    }

    function _assertNoDuplicates(address[] memory _dvns) private pure {
        address lastDVN = address(0);
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _dvns.length; i++) {
            address dvn = _dvns[i];
            if (dvn <= lastDVN) revert LZ_RL_Unsorted(); // to ensure no duplicates
            lastDVN = dvn;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
/*
 * @title Solidity Bytes Arrays Utils
 * @author Gonçalo Sá <[email protected]>
 *
 * @dev Bytes tightly packed arrays utility library for ethereum contracts written in Solidity.
 *      The library lets you concatenate, slice and type cast bytes arrays both in memory and storage.
 */
pragma solidity >=0.8.0 <0.9.0;


library BytesLib {
    function concat(
        bytes memory _preBytes,
        bytes memory _postBytes
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
            // Solidity does for memory variables.
            tempBytes := mload(0x40)

            // Store the length of the first bytes array at the beginning of
            // the memory for tempBytes.
            let length := mload(_preBytes)
            mstore(tempBytes, length)

            // Maintain a memory counter for the current write location in the
            // temp bytes array by adding the 32 bytes for the array length to
            // the starting location.
            let mc := add(tempBytes, 0x20)
            // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the length of the
            // first bytes array.
            let end := add(mc, length)

            for {
                // Initialize a copy counter to the start of the _preBytes data,
                // 32 bytes into its memory.
                let cc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
            } lt(mc, end) {
                // Increase both counters by 32 bytes each iteration.
                mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                cc := add(cc, 0x20)
            } {
                // Write the _preBytes data into the tempBytes memory 32 bytes
                // at a time.
                mstore(mc, mload(cc))
            }

            // Add the length of _postBytes to the current length of tempBytes
            // and store it as the new length in the first 32 bytes of the
            // tempBytes memory.
            length := mload(_postBytes)
            mstore(tempBytes, add(length, mload(tempBytes)))

            // Move the memory counter back from a multiple of 0x20 to the
            // actual end of the _preBytes data.
            mc := end
            // Stop copying when the memory counter reaches the new combined
            // length of the arrays.
            end := add(mc, length)

            for {
                let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
            } lt(mc, end) {
                mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                cc := add(cc, 0x20)
            } {
                mstore(mc, mload(cc))
            }

            // Update the free-memory pointer by padding our last write location
            // to 32 bytes: add 31 bytes to the end of tempBytes to move to the
            // next 32 byte block, then round down to the nearest multiple of
            // 32. If the sum of the length of the two arrays is zero then add
            // one before rounding down to leave a blank 32 bytes (the length block with 0).
            mstore(0x40, and(
              add(add(end, iszero(add(length, mload(_preBytes)))), 31),
              not(31) // Round down to the nearest 32 bytes.
            ))
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    function concatStorage(bytes storage _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal {
        assembly {
            // Read the first 32 bytes of _preBytes storage, which is the length
            // of the array. (We don't need to use the offset into the slot
            // because arrays use the entire slot.)
            let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
            // Arrays of 31 bytes or less have an even value in their slot,
            // while longer arrays have an odd value. The actual length is
            // the slot divided by two for odd values, and the lowest order
            // byte divided by two for even values.
            // If the slot is even, bitwise and the slot with 255 and divide by
            // two to get the length. If the slot is odd, bitwise and the slot
            // with -1 and divide by two.
            let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
            let mlength := mload(_postBytes)
            let newlength := add(slength, mlength)
            // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
            // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
            // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
            switch add(lt(slength, 32), lt(newlength, 32))
            case 2 {
                // Since the new array still fits in the slot, we just need to
                // update the contents of the slot.
                // uint256(bytes_storage) = uint256(bytes_storage) + uint256(bytes_memory) + new_length
                sstore(
                    _preBytes.slot,
                    // all the modifications to the slot are inside this
                    // next block
                    add(
                        // we can just add to the slot contents because the
                        // bytes we want to change are the LSBs
                        fslot,
                        add(
                            mul(
                                div(
                                    // load the bytes from memory
                                    mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)),
                                    // zero all bytes to the right
                                    exp(0x100, sub(32, mlength))
                                ),
                                // and now shift left the number of bytes to
                                // leave space for the length in the slot
                                exp(0x100, sub(32, newlength))
                            ),
                            // increase length by the double of the memory
                            // bytes length
                            mul(mlength, 2)
                        )
                    )
                )
            }
            case 1 {
                // The stored value fits in the slot, but the combined value
                // will exceed it.
                // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

                // save new length
                sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

                // The contents of the _postBytes array start 32 bytes into
                // the structure. Our first read should obtain the `submod`
                // bytes that can fit into the unused space in the last word
                // of the stored array. To get this, we read 32 bytes starting
                // from `submod`, so the data we read overlaps with the array
                // contents by `submod` bytes. Masking the lowest-order
                // `submod` bytes allows us to add that value directly to the
                // stored value.

                let submod := sub(32, slength)
                let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

                sstore(
                    sc,
                    add(
                        and(
                            fslot,
                            0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff00
                        ),
                        and(mload(mc), mask)
                    )
                )

                for {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } {
                    sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                }

                mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

                sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
            }
            default {
                // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                // Start copying to the last used word of the stored array.
                let sc := add(keccak256(0x0, 0x20), div(slength, 32))

                // save new length
                sstore(_preBytes.slot, add(mul(newlength, 2), 1))

                // Copy over the first `submod` bytes of the new data as in
                // case 1 above.
                let slengthmod := mod(slength, 32)
                let mlengthmod := mod(mlength, 32)
                let submod := sub(32, slengthmod)
                let mc := add(_postBytes, submod)
                let end := add(_postBytes, mlength)
                let mask := sub(exp(0x100, submod), 1)

                sstore(sc, add(sload(sc), and(mload(mc), mask)))

                for {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    sc := add(sc, 1)
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                } {
                    sstore(sc, mload(mc))
                }

                mask := exp(0x100, sub(mc, end))

                sstore(sc, mul(div(mload(mc), mask), mask))
            }
        }
    }

    function slice(
        bytes memory _bytes,
        uint256 _start,
        uint256 _length
    )
        internal
        pure
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        require(_length + 31 >= _length, "slice_overflow");
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + _length, "slice_outOfBounds");

        bytes memory tempBytes;

        assembly {
            switch iszero(_length)
            case 0 {
                // Get a location of some free memory and store it in tempBytes as
                // Solidity does for memory variables.
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)

                // The first word of the slice result is potentially a partial
                // word read from the original array. To read it, we calculate
                // the length of that partial word and start copying that many
                // bytes into the array. The first word we copy will start with
                // data we don't care about, but the last `lengthmod` bytes will
                // land at the beginning of the contents of the new array. When
                // we're done copying, we overwrite the full first word with
                // the actual length of the slice.
                let lengthmod := and(_length, 31)

                // The multiplication in the next line is necessary
                // because when slicing multiples of 32 bytes (lengthmod == 0)
                // the following copy loop was copying the origin's length
                // and then ending prematurely not copying everything it should.
                let mc := add(add(tempBytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod)))
                let end := add(mc, _length)

                for {
                    // The multiplication in the next line has the same exact purpose
                    // as the one above.
                    let cc := add(add(add(_bytes, lengthmod), mul(0x20, iszero(lengthmod))), _start)
                } lt(mc, end) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    mstore(mc, mload(cc))
                }

                mstore(tempBytes, _length)

                //update free-memory pointer
                //allocating the array padded to 32 bytes like the compiler does now
                mstore(0x40, and(add(mc, 31), not(31)))
            }
            //if we want a zero-length slice let's just return a zero-length array
            default {
                tempBytes := mload(0x40)
                //zero out the 32 bytes slice we are about to return
                //we need to do it because Solidity does not garbage collect
                mstore(tempBytes, 0)

                mstore(0x40, add(tempBytes, 0x20))
            }
        }

        return tempBytes;
    }

    function toAddress(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (address) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 20, "toAddress_outOfBounds");
        address tempAddress;

        assembly {
            tempAddress := div(mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start)), 0x1000000000000000000000000)
        }

        return tempAddress;
    }

    function toUint8(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 1 , "toUint8_outOfBounds");
        uint8 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x1), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint16(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 2, "toUint16_outOfBounds");
        uint16 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x2), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 4, "toUint32_outOfBounds");
        uint32 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x4), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint64(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 8, "toUint64_outOfBounds");
        uint64 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x8), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint96(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 12, "toUint96_outOfBounds");
        uint96 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0xc), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint128(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 16, "toUint128_outOfBounds");
        uint128 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x10), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toUint256(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toUint256_outOfBounds");
        uint256 tempUint;

        assembly {
            tempUint := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempUint;
    }

    function toBytes32(bytes memory _bytes, uint256 _start) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        require(_bytes.length >= _start + 32, "toBytes32_outOfBounds");
        bytes32 tempBytes32;

        assembly {
            tempBytes32 := mload(add(add(_bytes, 0x20), _start))
        }

        return tempBytes32;
    }

    function equal(bytes memory _preBytes, bytes memory _postBytes) internal pure returns (bool) {
        bool success = true;

        assembly {
            let length := mload(_preBytes)

            // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
            switch eq(length, mload(_postBytes))
            case 1 {
                // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                // cb = 0 - break
                let cb := 1

                let mc := add(_preBytes, 0x20)
                let end := add(mc, length)

                for {
                    let cc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                // the next line is the loop condition:
                // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                } eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                    mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                    cc := add(cc, 0x20)
                } {
                    // if any of these checks fails then arrays are not equal
                    if iszero(eq(mload(mc), mload(cc))) {
                        // unsuccess:
                        success := 0
                        cb := 0
                    }
                }
            }
            default {
                // unsuccess:
                success := 0
            }
        }

        return success;
    }

    function equalStorage(
        bytes storage _preBytes,
        bytes memory _postBytes
    )
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        bool success = true;

        assembly {
            // we know _preBytes_offset is 0
            let fslot := sload(_preBytes.slot)
            // Decode the length of the stored array like in concatStorage().
            let slength := div(and(fslot, sub(mul(0x100, iszero(and(fslot, 1))), 1)), 2)
            let mlength := mload(_postBytes)

            // if lengths don't match the arrays are not equal
            switch eq(slength, mlength)
            case 1 {
                // slength can contain both the length and contents of the array
                // if length < 32 bytes so let's prepare for that
                // v. http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/miscellaneous.html#layout-of-state-variables-in-storage
                if iszero(iszero(slength)) {
                    switch lt(slength, 32)
                    case 1 {
                        // blank the last byte which is the length
                        fslot := mul(div(fslot, 0x100), 0x100)

                        if iszero(eq(fslot, mload(add(_postBytes, 0x20)))) {
                            // unsuccess:
                            success := 0
                        }
                    }
                    default {
                        // cb is a circuit breaker in the for loop since there's
                        //  no said feature for inline assembly loops
                        // cb = 1 - don't breaker
                        // cb = 0 - break
                        let cb := 1

                        // get the keccak hash to get the contents of the array
                        mstore(0x0, _preBytes.slot)
                        let sc := keccak256(0x0, 0x20)

                        let mc := add(_postBytes, 0x20)
                        let end := add(mc, mlength)

                        // the next line is the loop condition:
                        // while(uint256(mc < end) + cb == 2)
                        for {} eq(add(lt(mc, end), cb), 2) {
                            sc := add(sc, 1)
                            mc := add(mc, 0x20)
                        } {
                            if iszero(eq(sload(sc), mload(mc))) {
                                // unsuccess:
                                success := 0
                                cb := 0
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            default {
                // unsuccess:
                success := 0
            }
        }

        return success;
    }
}